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We use three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the effects of a transient photoionizing ultraviolet (UV) flux on the collapse and cooling of pregalactic clouds. These clouds have masses in the range 10^5 -10^7 M_sun, form…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Andrei Mesinger , Greg Bryan , Zoltan Haiman

(Abridged) The propagation of ionizing radiation through model atmospheres of terrestrial-like exoplanets is studied for a large range of column densities and incident photon energies using a Monte Carlo code we have developed to treat…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-08 David S. Smith , John Scalo , J. Craig Wheeler

We present the first magnetohydrodynamic model of the stellar chromospheric heating and acceleration of the outer atmospheres of cool evolved stars, using alpha Tau as a case study. We used a 1.5D MHD code with a generalized Ohm's law that…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-15 V. S. Airapetian , J. E. Leake , K. G. Carpenter

Chromospheres and coronae are common phenomena on solar-type stars. Understanding the energy transfer to these heated atmospheric layers requires direct access to the relevant empirical data. Study of these structures has, by and large,…

Certain regions of the solar atmosphere are at sufficiently low temperatures to be only partially ionised. The lower chromosphere contains neutral atoms, the existence of which greatly increases the efficiency of the damping of waves due to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. E. leake , T. D. Arber , M. L. Khodachenko

Photoevaporation is thought to play an important role in the early planetary evolution. In this study, we investigate the diffusion limit of X-ray and ultraviolet induced photoevaporation in primordial atmospheres. We find that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-16 Darius Modirrousta-Galian , Jun Korenaga

We study the effect of a weakly driven atomic cloud's polarization distribution on its photon scattering lineshape. In doing this, we find three distinct polarization regimes. First, for dilute clouds, the polarization magnitude is…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 F. Robicheaux , R. T. Sutherland

We investigate and evaluate the contribution of the ultraviolet radiation spectrum on the temperature and efficiency of commercial crystalline silicon-based photovoltaics (PVs) that operate outdoors. The investigation is performed by…

The temporal evolution of the ionizing UV background radiation field at high redshift provides a probe of the evolution of the early star formation rate. By comparing the observed levels of absorption in the highest redshift quasar spectra…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Renyue Cen , Patrick McDonald

The physical properties of the faint and extremely tenuous plasma in the far outskirts of galaxy clusters, the circumgalactic media of normal galaxies, and filaments of the cosmic web, remain one of the biggest unknowns in our story of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-21 Lýdia Štofanová , Aurora Simionescu , Nastasha A. Wijers , Joop Schaye , Jelle S. Kaastra

To elucidate the effects of the UV background radiation on the collapse of pregalactic clouds, we implement a radiation-hydrodynamical calculation, combining one-dimensional spherical hydrodynamics with an accurate treatment of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 T. Kitayama , Y. Tajiri , M. Umemura , H. Susa , S. Ikeuchi

We investigate the propagation of Alfv\'en waves in the solar chromosphere, distinguishing between upward and downward propagating waves. We find clear evidence for the reflection of waves in the chromosphere and differences in propagation…

The ionizing ultraviolet background (UVB) during reionization can suppress the gas content of low-mass galaxies, even those capable of efficient atomic cooling, and thus lead to an extended reionization epoch. In this work, we explore the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Andrei Mesinger , Mark Dijkstra

Most static 1D atmosphere models in the quiet Sun predict a rise of the gas temperature at chromospheric layers, but numerical simulations only yield an increase in the brightness temperature. We investigate the thermal structure in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-08 C. Beck , R. Rezaei , K. G. Puschmann

We investigate the ionization of hydrogen in a dynamic Solar atmosphere. We show that the time scale for ionization/recombination can be estimated from the eigenvalues of a modified rate matrix where the optically thick Lyman transitions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Mats Carlsson , Robert F. Stein

This paper considers the problem of modeling the light polarization that emerges from an astrophysical plasma composed of atoms whose excitation state is significantly influenced by the anisotropy of the incident radiation field. In…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-03 Javier Trujillo Bueno

A main source of bias in transmission spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres is magnetic activity of the host star in the form of stellar spots, faculae or flares. However, the fact that main-sequence stars have a chromosphere and a corona,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-04 Volker Perdelwitz , Adam Chaikin-Lifshitz , Aviv Ofir , Oded Aharonson

Condensation and sublimation of water vapors (and CO2, CH4, N2O vapors also) in the Earth atmosphere must be accompanied by emission of latent heats on characteristic frequencies marked in absorption spectra. Calculated wave lengths…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-05-06 Mark E. Perel'man

Acoustic waves are one of the primary suspects besides magnetic fields for the chromospheric heating process to temperatures above radiative equilibrium (RE). We derived the mechanical wave energy as seen in line-core velocities to obtain a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 C. Beck , E. Khomenko , R. Rezaei , M. Collados

The ionizing background determines the ionization balance and the thermodynamics of the cosmic gas. It is therefore a fundamental ingredient to theoretical and empirical studies of both the IGM and galaxy formation. We present here a new…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-28 C. -A. Faucher-Giguere , A. Lidz , M. Zaldarriaga , L. Hernquist