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An "adequate" test suite should effectively find all inconsistencies between a system's requirements/specifications and its implementation. Practitioners frequently use code coverage to approximate adequacy, while academics argue that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Kush Jain , Goutamkumar Tulajappa Kalburgi , Claire Le Goues , Alex Groce

Code coverage is a popular and widespread test adequacy metric that measures the percentage of program codes executed by a test suite. Despite its popularity, code coverage has several limitations. One of the major limitations is that it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Soneya Binta Hossain , Matthew B. Dwyer

Code coverage has been used in the software testing context mostly as a metric to assess a generated test suite's quality. Recently, code coverage analysis is used as a white-box testing technique for test optimization. Most of the research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Krystof Sykora , Bestoun S. Ahmed , Miroslav Bures

Automated tests play an important role in software evolution because they can rapidly detect faults introduced during changes. In practice, code-coverage metrics are often used as criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of test suites with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Rainer Niedermayr , Elmar Juergens , Stefan Wagner

There are many widely used tools for measuring test-coverage and code-coverage. Test coverage is the ratio of requirements or other non-code artifacts covered by a test suite, while code-coverage is the ratio of source code covered by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Vahid Garousi , Alper Buğra Keleş , Yunus Balaman , Alper Mermer , Zeynep Özdemir Güler

The malfunction of safety-critical systems may cause damage to people and the environment. Software within those systems is rigorously designed and verified according to domain specific guidance, such as ISO26262 for automotive safety. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-09-16 Adam Nellis , Pascal Kesseli , Philippa Ryan Conmy , Daniel Kroening , Peter Schrammel , Michael Tautschnig

Many debugging tools rely on compiler-produced metadata to present a source-language view of program states, such as variable values and source line numbers. While this tends to work for unoptimised programs, current compilers often…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-02-08 J. Ryan Stinnett , Stephen Kell

It is natural to suppose that a Large Language Model is more likely to generate correct test cases when prompted with correct code under test, compared to incorrect code under test. However, the size of this effect has never been previously…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Dong Huang , Jie M. Zhang , Mark Harman , Mingzhe Du , Heming Cui

The surface code represents a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation due to its high error threshold and experimental accessibility with nearest-neighbor interactions. However, current exact surface code threshold…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 SiYing Wang , ZhiXin Xia , Yue Yan , Xiang-Bin Wang

Cross-coverage of a program P refers to the test coverage measured over a different program Q that is functionally equivalent to P. The novel concept of cross-coverage can find useful applications in the test of redundant software. We apply…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Antonia Bertolino , Guglielmo De Angelis , Felicita Di Giandomenico , Francesca Lonetti

Metamorphic testing is a widely used methodology that examines an expected relation between pairs of executions to automatically find bugs, such as correctness bugs. We found that code coverage cannot accurately measure the extent to which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Jinsheng Ba , Yuancheng Jiang , Manuel Rigger

This work proposes a novel method to generate C-Tests; a deviated form of cloze tests (a gap filling exercise) where only the last part of a word is turned into a gap. In contrast to previous works that only consider varying the gap size or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Ji-Ung Lee , Marc E. Pfetsch , Iryna Gurevych

The software development community has been using code quality metrics for the last five decades. Despite their wide adoption, code quality metrics have attracted a fair share of criticism. In this paper, first, we carry out a qualitative…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Tushar Sharma , Diomidis Spinellis

We determine the maximal gap between the optimal values of an integer program and its linear programming relaxation, where the matrix and cost function are fixed but the right hand side is unspecified. Our formula involves irreducible…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Serkan Hosten , Bernd Sturmfels

Estimating software testability can crucially assist software managers to optimize test budgets and software quality. In this paper, we propose a new approach that radically differs from the traditional approach of pursuing testability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Luca Guglielmo , Leonardo Mariani , Giovanni Denaro

Context: Scientific open-source software (SciOSS) plays a foundational role in research and engineering, yet its long-term sustainability has often been overlooked and remains a significant concern. Objective: This study investigates the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Sheikh Md. Mushfiqur Rahman , Gregory R. Watson , Nasir U. Eisty

Testing is an important aspect in professional software development, both to avoid and identify bugs as well as to increase maintainability. However, increasing the number of tests beyond a reasonable amount hinders development progress. To…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Alexandros Efremidis , Joshua Schmidt , Sebastian Krings , Philipp Körner

Code coverage is a widely used metric for quantifying the extent to which program elements, such as statements or branches, are executed during testing. Calculating code coverage is resource-intensive, requiring code building and execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Michele Tufano , Shubham Chandel , Anisha Agarwal , Neel Sundaresan , Colin Clement

We consider the problem of constructing distribution-free prediction sets with finite-sample conditional guarantees. Prior work has shown that it is impossible to provide exact conditional coverage universally in finite samples. Thus, most…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-18 Isaac Gibbs , John J. Cherian , Emmanuel J. Candès

In this paper we propose and examine gap statistics for assessing uniform distribution hypotheses. We provide examples relevant to data integrity testing for which max-gap statistics provide greater sensitivity than chi-square ($\chi^2$),…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-05 Truc Le , Jeffrey Uhlmann
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