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Related papers: Evaluating probability forecasts

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We provide methods to validate and compare sensor outputs, or inference algorithms applied to sensor data, by adapting statistical scoring rules. The reported output should either be in the form of a prediction interval or of a parameter…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-07-07 A. D. Martin , T. C. A. Molteno , M. Parry

In stochastic decision problems, one often wants to estimate the underlying probability measure statistically, and then to use this estimate as a basis for decisions. We shall consider how the uncertainty in this estimation can be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Samuel N. Cohen

The usual way of testing probability forecasts in game-theoretic probability is via construction of test martingales. The standard assumption is that all forecasts are output by the same forecaster. In this paper I will discuss possible…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-19 Vladimir Vovk

Many forecasts consist not of point predictions but concern the evolution of quantities. For example, a central bank might predict the interest rates during the next quarter, an epidemiologist might predict trajectories of infection rates,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-12 Patric Bonnier , Harald Oberhauser

Predicting the future is an important component of decision making. In most situations, however, there is not enough information to make accurate predictions. In this paper, we develop a theory of causal reasoning for predictive inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Thomas L. Dean , Keiji Kanazawa

Scoring rules are an established way of comparing predictive performances across model classes. In the context of survival analysis, they require adaptation in order to accommodate censoring. This work investigates using scoring rules for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Philipp Kopper , David Rügamer , Raphael Sonabend , Bernd Bischl , Andreas Bender

In situations where forecasters are scored on the quality of their probabilistic predictions, it is standard to use `proper' scoring rules to perform such scoring. These rules are desirable because they give forecasters no incentive to lie…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-25 Spencer Greenberg

We present a method for comparing point forecasts in a region of interest, such as the tails or centre of a variable's range. This method cannot be hedged, in contrast to conditionally selecting events to evaluate and then using a scoring…

Applications · Statistics 2022-02-16 Robert J. Taggart

Uncertainty associated with statistical problems arises due to what has not been seen as opposed to what has been seen. Using probability to quantify the uncertainty the task is to construct a probability model for what has not been seen…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-06 Fuheng Cui , Stephen G. Walker

Motivated by the Basel 3 regulations, recent studies have considered joint forecasts of Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall. A large family of scoring functions can be used to evaluate forecast performance in this context. However, little…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-05-15 Johanna F. Ziegel , Fabian Krüger , Alexander Jordan , Fernando Fasciati

Accurately forecasting the probability distribution of phenomena of interest is a classic and ever more widespread goal in statistics and decision theory. In comparison to point forecasts, probabilistic forecasts aim to provide a more…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-05 Erez Buchweitz , João Vitor Romano , Ryan J. Tibshirani

Propensity scores are often used for stratification of treatment and control groups of subjects in observational data to remove confounding bias when estimating of causal effect of the treatment on an outcome in so-called potential outcome…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-24 Priyantha Wijayatunga

In public discussions of the quality of forecasts, attention typically focuses on the predictive performance in cases of extreme events. However, the restriction of conventional forecast evaluation methods to subsets of extreme observations…

Probabilistic forecasts are typically obtained using state-of-the-art statistical and machine learning models, with model parameters estimated by optimizing a proper scoring rule over a set of training data. If the model class is not…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-05 Jakob Benjamin Wessel , Maybritt Schillinger , Frank Kwasniok , Sam Allen

Performative predictions are forecasts which influence the outcomes they aim to predict, undermining the existence of correct forecasts and standard methods of elicitation and estimation. We show that conditioning forecasts on covariates…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-27 Philip Boeken , Onno Zoeter , Joris M. Mooij

Communicating forecast uncertainty effectively is a persistent challenge in predictive endeavours such as weather forecasting. This paper explores the application of possibility theory as a complementary approach to traditional probability…

Applications · Statistics 2024-10-30 John R. Lawson

Every prediction is ultimately used in a downstream task. Consequently, evaluating prediction quality is more meaningful when considered in the context of its downstream use. Metrics based solely on predictive performance often diverge from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Novin Shahroudi , Viacheslav Komisarenko , Meelis Kull

Probability forecasts for binary events play a central role in many applications. Their quality is commonly assessed with proper scoring rules, which assign forecasts a numerical score such that a correct forecast achieves a minimal…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-04 Alexander Henzi , Johanna F. Ziegel

Operational earthquake forecasting for risk management and communication during seismic sequences depends on our ability to select an optimal forecasting model. To do this, we need to compare the performance of competing models with each…

Applications · Statistics 2022-04-20 Francesco Serafini , Mark Naylor , Finn Lindgren , Maximilian Werner , Ian Main

We give an overview of some uses of proper scoring rules in statistical inference, including frequentist estimation theory and Bayesian model selection with improper priors.

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-28 A. Philip Dawid , Monica Musio