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We identify gauge freedoms in quantum error correction (QEC) codes and introduce strategies for optimal control algorithms to find the gauges which allow the easiest experimental realization. Hereby, the optimal gauge depends on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-06 V. Nebendahl

One of the main problems for the future of practical quantum computing is to stabilize the computation against unwanted interactions with the environment and imperfections in the applied operations. Existing proposals for quantum memories…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Emanuel Knill , Raymond Laflamme

Many quantum systems are being investigated in the hope of building a large-scale quantum computer. All of these systems suffer from decoherence, resulting in errors during the execution of quantum gates. Quantum error correction enables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-25 Austin G. Fowler , Adam C. Whiteside , Angus L. McInnes , Alimohammad Rabbani

Quantum computing has the potential to solve problems that are intractable for classical systems, yet the high error rates in contemporary quantum devices often exceed tolerable limits for useful algorithm execution. Quantum Error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Hanrui Wang , Pengyu Liu , Kevin Shao , Dantong Li , Jiaqi Gu , David Z. Pan , Yongshan Ding , Song Han

We consider the problem of optimally decoding a quantum error correction code -- that is to find the optimal recovery procedure given the outcomes of partial "check" measurements on the system. In general, this problem is NP-hard. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Poulin

We introduce a novel framework for implementing error-correction in constrained systems. The main idea of our scheme, called Quantized-Constraint Concatenation (QCC), is to employ a process of embedding the codewords of an error-correcting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Dor Elimelech , Tom Meyerovitch , Moshe Schwartz

The Knill-Laflamme (KL) conditions distinguish exact quantum error correction codes, and it has played a critical role in the discovery of state-of-the-art codes. However, the family of exact codes is a very restrictive one and does not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Guo Zheng , Wenhao He , Gideon Lee , Liang Jiang

Quantum error correction is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, most typical quantum error-correcting codes are designed for generic noise models, which may fail to accurately capture the intricate noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Yuguo Shao , Yong-Chang Li , Fuchuan Wei , Hao Zhan , Ben Wang , Zhaohui Wei , Lijian Zhang , Zhengwei Liu

We study error correction type protocols in which a quantum channel encodes logical information into an enlarged Hilbert space. Specifically, we consider channels realized by one dimensional random noisy quantum circuits with spatially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Arman Sauliere , Guglielmo Lami , Pedro Ribeiro , Andrea De Luca , Jacopo De Nardis

The potential of quantum computers to outperform classical ones in practically useful tasks remains challenging in the near term due to scaling limitations and high error rates of current quantum hardware. While quantum error correction…

We present a simple proof of the approximate Eastin-Knill theorem, which connects the quality of a quantum error-correcting code (QECC) with its ability to achieve a universal set of transversal logical gates. Our derivation employs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Aleksander Kubica , Rafal Demkowicz-Dobrzanski

There are two complementary approaches to realizing quantum information so that it is protected from a given set of error operators. Both involve encoding information by means of subsystems. One is initialization-based error protection,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. Knill

The surface code represents a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation due to its high error threshold and experimental accessibility with nearest-neighbor interactions. However, current exact surface code threshold…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 SiYing Wang , ZhiXin Xia , Yue Yan , Xiang-Bin Wang

We establish that, in an appropriate limit, qubits of communication should be regarded as composite resources, decomposing cleanly into independent correlation and transmission components. Because qubits of communication can establish ebits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 Patrick Hayden , Geoffrey Penington

With the rapid developments in quantum hardware comes a push towards the first practical applications on these devices. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers may still be years away, one may ask if there exist intermediate forms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Jarrod R. McClean , Zhang Jiang , Nicholas C. Rubin , Ryan Babbush , Hartmut Neven

Quantum error correction is widely thought to be the key to fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, determining the most suited encoding for unknown error channels or specific laboratory setups is highly challenging. Here, we present a…

In a recent paper ([1]=quant-ph/0606035) it is shown how the optimal recovery operation in an error correction scheme can be considered as a semidefinite program. As a possible future improvement it is noted that still better error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Reimpell , R. F. Werner , K. Audenaert

Due to the low error tolerance of a qubit, detecting and correcting errors on it is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Surface code (SC) associated with its decoding algorithm is one of the most promising quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-15 Yosuke Ueno , Masaaki Kondo , Masamitsu Tanaka , Yasunari Suzuki , Yutaka Tabuchi

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is essential for future quantum computers due to its ability to exponentially suppress physical errors. The surface code is a leading error-correcting code candidate because of its local topological structure,…

The most general method for encoding quantum information is not to encode the information into a subspace of a Hilbert space, but to encode information into a subsystem of a Hilbert space. Recently this notion has led to a more general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-01-22 Dave Bacon