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This survey is an extended version of lectures given at the Cornell Probability Summer School 2013. The fundamental facts about the Abelian sandpile model on a finite graph and its connections to related models are presented. We discuss…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-13 Antal A. Járai

We introduce a model for a sandpile, with N sites, critical height N and each site connected to every other site. It is thus a mean-field model in the spin-glass sense. We find an exact solution for the steady state probability distribution…

adap-org · Physics 2009-10-22 Steven A. Janowsky , Claude A. Laberge

We study a random fragmentation process and its associated random tree. The process has earlier been studied by Dean and Majumdar (J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., vol. 35, L501--L507), who found a phase transition: the number of fragmentations is…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 S. Janson , R. Neininger

The Abelian sandpile model was the first example of a self-organized critical system studied by Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld. The dynamics of the sandpiles occur when the grains topple over a graph. In this study, we allow the graph to evolve…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-24 Carlos A. Alfaro , Juan Pablo Serrano , Ralihe R. Villagrán

Avalanche dynamics is an indispensable feature of complex systems. Here we study the self-organized critical dynamics of avalanches on scale-free networks with degree exponent $\gamma$ through the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) sandpile model.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. -S. Lee , K. -I. Goh , B. Kahng , D. Kim

The paper develops one-parametric family of the sand-piles dealing with the grains' local losses on the fixed amount. The family exhibits the crossover between the models with deterministic and stochastic relaxation. The mean height of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. B. Shapoval , M. G. Shnirman

We study the abelian sandpile model in two dimensions on a directed cylindrical lattice with periodic transverse boundary conditions in the transverse direction and dissipation at one boundary. Recurrent configurations form a finite abelian…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-18 Abdul Quadir , Nikita Kalinin , Ram Ramaswamy

We study extreme events in a finite-size 2D Abelian sandpile model, specifically focusing on avalanche area and size. Employing the approach of Block Maxima, the study numerically reveals that the rescaled distributions for the largest…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-10 Abdul Quadir , Haider Hasan Jafri

We explore in the mean-field approximation the robustness with respect to dissipation of self-organized criticality in sandpile models. To this end, we generalize a recently introduced self-organized branching process, and show that the…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 Kent Bækgaard Lauritsen , Stefano Zapperi , H. Eugene Stanley

The Abelian Sandpile Model is a cellular automaton whose discrete dynamics reaches an out-of-equilibrium steady state resembling avalanches in piles of sand. The fundamental moves defining the dynamics are encoded by the toppling rules. The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-09-25 Sergio Caracciolo , Guglielmo Paoletti , Andrea Sportiello

A permutation graph is a graph whose edges are given by inversions of a permutation. We study the Abelian sandpile model (ASM) on such graphs. We exhibit a bijection between recurrent configurations of the ASM on permutation graphs and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-08 Mark Dukes , Thomas Selig , Jason P. Smith , Einar Steingrimsson

We use techniques from the theory of electrical networks to give nearly tight bounds for the transience class of the Abelian sandpile model on the two-dimensional grid up to polylogarithmic factors. The Abelian sandpile model is a discrete…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-11 David Durfee , Matthew Fahrbach , Yu Gao , Tao Xiao

We investigate the sandpile model on the two--dimensional Sierpinski gasket fractal. We find that the model displays novel critical behavior, and we analyze the distribution functions of avalanche sizes, lifetimes and topplings and…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-08-15 Brigita Kutjnak-Urbanc , Stefano Zapperi , Sava Milošević , H. Eugene Stanley

We study the Abelian sandpile model (ASM), a process where grains of sand are placed on a graph's vertices. When the number of grains on a vertex is at least its degree, one grain is distributed to each neighboring vertex. This model has…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-18 Samantha Fairchild , Ilse Haim , Rafael G. Setra , Robert S. Strichartz , Travis Westura

We investigate the sandpile model with Yukawa-type interactions, whose effective range is tuned by an external parameter $R$. Our results reveal that at specific values of $R$, the system exhibits giant avalanches that span the system,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-18 Abbas Shoja-Daliklidash , Morteza Nattagh Najafi

In the sandpile model, vertices of a graph are allocated grains of sand. At each unit of time, a grain is added to a randomly chosen vertex. If that causes its number of grains to exceed its degree, that vertex is called unstable, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-19 Thomas Selig , Haoyue Zhu

We study the local geometry of the three-dimensional uniform spanning tree and its connection with the Abelian sandpile model. We obtain sharp tail exponents, up to subpolynomial errors, for the past of the origin in the three-dimensional…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Xinyi Li , Runsheng Liu , Daisuke Shiraishi

We show that in abelian sandpiles on infinite Galton-Watson trees, the probability that the total avalanche has more than $t$ topplings decays as $t^{-1/2}$. We prove both quenched and annealed bounds, under suitable moment conditions. Our…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-04 Antal Jarai , Wioletta M. Ruszel , Ellen Saada

The two dimensional directed sandpile with dissipation is transformed into a (1+1) dimensional problem with discrete space and continuous `time'. The master equation for the conditional probability that K grains preserve their initial order…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-03-01 N. M. Bogoliubov , A. G. Pronko , J. Timonen

We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for an Abelian Sandpile Model (ASM) to be avalanche-finite, namely: all unstable states of the system can be brought back to stability in finite number of topplings. The method is also…

adap-org · Physics 2015-06-24 S. W. Chan , H. F. Chau