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By realizing a quantum cryptography system based on polarization entangled photon pairs we establish highly secure keys, because a single photon source is approximated and the inherent randomness of quantum measurements is exploited. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Thomas Jennewein , Christoph Simon , Gregor Weihs , Harald WeinfurterD , Anton Zeilinger

Shor and Preskill have provided a simple proof of security of the standard quantum key distribution scheme by Bennett and Brassard (BB84) by demonstrating a connection between key distribution and entanglement purification protocols with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We analyze the security of the two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol in reverse reconciliation against general two-mode attacks, which represent all accessible attacks at fixed channel parameters. Rather than against…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-09 Yi-Chen Zhang , Zhengyu Li , Yijia Zhao , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Quantum error correcting codes have been developed to protect a quantum computer from decoherence due to a noisy environment. In this paper, we present two methods for optimizing the physical implementation of such error correction schemes.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Guido Burkard , Daniel Loss , David P. DiVincenzo , John A. Smolin

With the advent of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), PUF-based quantum authentication systems (QAS) have been proposed for security purposes and recently proof-of-principle experiment has been demonstrated. As a further step towards…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-15 Yao Yao , Ming Gao , Mo Li , Jian Zhang

We consider two quantum cryptographic schemes relying on encoding the key into qudits, i.e. quantum states in a d-dimensional Hilbert space. The first cryptosystem uses two mutually unbiased bases (thereby extending the BB84 scheme), while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Nicolas J. Cerf , Mohamed Bourennane , Anders Karlsson , Nicolas Gisin

It is a central fact in quantum mechanics that non-orthogonal states cannot be distinguished perfectly. This property ensures the security of quantum key distribution. It is therefore an important task in quantum communication to design and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Lorcan O. Conlon , Falk Eilenberger , Ping Koy Lam , Syed M. Assad

After proving a general no-cloning theorem for black boxes, we derive the optimal universal cloning of unitary transformations, from one to two copies. The optimal cloner is realized by quantum channels with memory, and greately outperforms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-14 G. Chiribella , G. M. D'Ariano , P. Perinotti

We revisit the 3-pass code-based identification scheme proposed by Stern at Crypto'93, and give a new 5-pass protocol for which the probability of the cheater is 1/2 (instead of 2/3 in the original Stern's proposal). Furthermore, we propose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-01-19 Pierre-Louis Cayrel , Pascal Veron

We present and characterize advanced attacks on an ensemble-based quantum token protocol that allows for implementing non-clonable quantum coins. Multiple differently initialized tokens of identically prepared qubit ensembles are combined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Bernd Bauerhenne , Lucas Tsunaki , Jan Thieme , Boris Naydenov , Kilian Singer

Quantum phase classification is a fundamental problem in quantum many-body physics, traditionally approached using order parameters or quantum machine learning techniques such as quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNNs). However, these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Akira Tanji , Hiroshi Yano , Naoki Yamamoto

Practical quantum state tomography is usually performed by carrying out repeated measurements on many copies of a given state. The accuracy of the reconstruction depends strongly on the dimensionality of the system and the number of copies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-08 Alex Ling , Antia Lamas-Linares , Christian Kurtsiefer

It is well known that no quantum bit commitment protocol is unconditionally secure. Nonetheless, there can be non-trivial upper bounds on both Bob's probability of correctly estimating Alice's commitment and Alice's probability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. W. Spekkens , T. Rudolph

This work deals with a classic problem: "Given a set of coins among which there is a counterfeit coin of a different weight, find this counterfeit coin using ordinary balance scales, with the minimum number of weighings possible, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-05-11 Juan Dominguez-Montes

Violation of modified Wigner inequality by means binary bipartite quantum system allows the discrimination between the quantum world and the classical local-realistic one, and also ensures the security of Ekert-like quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 F. A. Bovino , I. P. Degiovanni

Developments in scalable quantum networks rely critically on optical quantum memories, which are key components enabling the storage of quantum information. These memories play a pivotal role for entanglement distribution and long-distance…

There had been well known claims of unconditionally secure quantum protocols for bit commitment. However, we, and independently Mayers, showed that all proposed quantum bit commitment schemes are, in principle, insecure because the sender,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 H. -K. Lo , H. F. Chau

A method to compute the optimal success probability of discrimination of N arbitrary quantum states is presented, based on the decomposition of any N-outcome measurement into sequences of nested two-outcome ones. In this way the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-12 Matteo Rosati , Giacomo De Palma , Andrea Mari , Vittorio Giovannetti

A ($t$, $n$) threshold quantum secret sharing (QSS) is proposed based on a single $d$-level quantum system. It enables the ($t$, $n$) threshold structure based on Shamir's secret sharing and simply requires sequential communication in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-10 Changbin Lu , Fuyou Miao , Junpeng Hou , Keju Meng

In this paper, we focus on a special framework for quantum coin flipping protocols,_bit-commitment based protocols_, within which almost all known protocols fit. We show a lower bound of 1/16 for the bias in any such protocol. We also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-22 Ashwin Nayak , Peter Shor