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We propose that observables in quantum theory are properly understood as representatives of symmetry-invariant quantities relating one system to another, the latter to be called a reference system. We provide a rigorous mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Leon Loveridge , Takayuki Miyadera , Paul Busch

Without a complete theory of quantum gravity, the question of how quantum fields and quantum particles behave in a superposition of spacetimes seems beyond the reach of theoretical and experimental investigations. Here we use an extension…

Based on a recent relational formulation of quantum reference frame transformations, especially with a case of quantum spatial translations in particular, we analyzed how the `value' of an observable for a fixed state change. That is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Otto C. W. Kong

Adaptive techniques make practical many quantum measurements that would otherwise be beyond current laboratory capabilities. For example: they allow discrimination of nonorthogonal states with a probability of error equal to the Helstrom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-15 H. M. Wiseman , D. W. Berry , S. D. Bartlett , B. L. Higgins , G. J. Pryde

We study Heisenberg's uncertainty relation relative to a quantum reference frame (QRF). We introduce the QRF as a covariant phase-space observable, show that when described relative to it, position and momentum appear compatible, and derive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Miguel Jorquera Riera , Leon Loveridge

In a quantum world, reference frames are ultimately quantum systems too -- but what does it mean to "jump into the perspective of a quantum particle"? In this work, we show that quantum reference frame (QRF) transformations appear naturally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Marius Krumm , Philipp A. Hoehn , Markus P. Mueller

This thesis is a compilation of research in relativistic quantum information theory, and research in quantum reference frames. The research in the former category provides a fundamental construction of quantum information theory of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-18 Matthew C Palmer

Recently there has been much effort in developing a quantum generalisation of reference frame transformations. Despite important progress, a complete understanding of their principles is still lacking. In particular, we argue that previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-21 Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Ognyan Oreshkov

Under the principle that quantum mechanical observables are invariant under relevant symmetry transformations, we explore how the usual, non-invariant quantities may capture measurement statistics. Using a relativisation mapping, viewed as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Leon Loveridge , Paul Busch , Takayuki Miyadera

Recent studies have introduced the worst-case quantum divergence as a key measure in quantum information. Here we show that such divergences can be understood from the perspective of the resource theory of asymmetric distinguishability,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Siqi Yao , Kun Fang

Reference frames are used to parameterize measurements of physical effects, but since their practical realization uses material objects, they may affect observations performed in a combined quantum state of the measured system together with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Martin Bojowald , Luis Martinez

An uncertainty relation for the R\'enyi entropies of conjugate quantum observables is used to obtain a strong Heisenberg limit of the form ${\rm RMSE} \geq f(\alpha)/(\langle N\rangle+\frac12)$, bounding the root mean square error of any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Michael J. W. Hall

We discuss the concept of transformations among reference frames (classical or quantum). Usually transformations among classical reference frames have sharply defined parameters; geometrically they can be considered as {pure states in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Gaetano Fiore , Fedele Lizzi

Finding the consequences of symmetry for open system quantum dynamics is a problem with broad applications, including describing thermal relaxation, deriving quantum limits on the performance of amplifiers, and exploring quantum metrology…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Iman Marvian , Robert W. Spekkens

This study proposes a time-symmetric framework for quantum measurement that restores microscopic reversibility at the level of the dynamical description while remaining compatible with causality and thermodynamic consistency. Instead of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Shin-ichi Inage

A novel quantum similarity measure (QSM) is constructed based on concepts from information theory. In an application of QSM to atoms, the new QSM and its corresponding quantum similarity index (QSI) are evaluated throughout the periodic…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Borgoo , M. Godefroid , Paul Indelicato , F. De Proft , P. Geerlings

We study measures of quantum information when the space spanned by the set of accessible observables is not closed under products, i.e., we consider systems where an observer may be able to measure the expectation values of two operators,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-08-15 Sudip Ghosh , Suvrat Raju

We argue that correct account of the quantum properties of macroscopic objects which form reference frames (RF) demand the change of the standard space-time picture accepted in Quantum Mechanics. The presence of RF free quantum motion in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 S. Mayburov

We analyze the problem of sending, in a single transmission, the information required to specify an orthogonal trihedron or reference frame through a quantum channel made out of N elementary spins. We analytically obtain the optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. Bagan , M. Baig , R. Munoz-Tapia

In the general theory of quantum measurement, one associates a positive semidefinite operator on a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space to each of the $n$ possible outcomes of an arbitrary measurement. In the special case of a projective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 Yizhou Liu , John B. DeBrota