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Voltage-gate assisted spin-orbit torque (VGSOT) writing scheme combines the advantages from voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) and spin-orbit torque (SOT) effects, enabling multiple benefits for magnetic random access memory…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-06-11 Y. C. Wu , K. Garello , W. Kim , M. Gupta , M. Perumkunnil , V. Kateel , S. Couet , R. Carpenter , S. Rao , S. Van Beek , K. K. Vudya Sethu , F. Yasin , D. Crotti , G. S. Kar

Non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies such as spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) and spin-orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) have significant advantages compared to conventional SRAM due to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Ahmet Inci , Mehmet Meric Isgenc , Diana Marculescu

Many key electronic technologies (e.g., large-scale computing, machine learning, and superconducting electronics) require new memories that are fast, reliable, energy-efficient, and of low-impedance at the same time, which has remained a…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 Lijun Zhu , Lujun Zhu , Shengjie Shi , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman

Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) is known as the most promising replacement for SRAM technology in large Last-Level Caches (LLCs). Despite its high-density, non-volatility, near-zero leakage power, and immunity to radiation as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Elham Cheshmikhani , Hamed Farbeh , Hossein Asadi

Hardware neural networks that implement synaptic weights with embedded non-volatile memory, such as spin torque memory (ST-MRAM), are a major lead for low energy artificial intelligence. In this work, we propose an approximate storage…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Nicolas Locatelli , Adrien F. Vincent , Damien Querlioz

As technology process node scales down, on-chip SRAM caches lose their efficiency because of their low scalability, high leakage power, and increasing rate of soft errors. Among emerging memory technologies, Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Elham Cheshmikhani , Hamed Farbeh , Seyed Ghassem Miremadi , Hossein Asadi

The role of universal memory can be successfully satisfied by magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) where the writing mechanism is based on spin-transfer torque (STT). An improvement in the switching properties (lower switching current density…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Riccardo Tomasello , Vito Puliafito , Bruno Azzerboni , Giovanni Finocchio

As capacity and complexity of on-chip cache memory hierarchy increases, the service cost to the critical loads from Last Level Cache (LLC), which are frequently repeated, has become a major concern. The processor may stall for a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Navid Khoshavi , Xunchao Chen , Jun Wang , Ronald F. DeMara

Compute in-memory (CIM) is a promising technique that minimizes data transport, the primary performance bottleneck and energy cost of most data intensive applications. This has found wide-spread adoption in accelerating neural networks for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Brian Crafton , Samuel Spetalnick , Gauthaman Murali , Tushar Krishna , Sung-Kyu Lim , Arijit Raychowdhury

There is an extremely high demand for a high speed, low power, low leakage, and low noise Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) for high performance cache memories. The energy efficiency of SRAM is of paramount importance in both high…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-12-08 Antardipan Pal , Yong Zhang , Dennis D. Yau

We propose and computationally analyze a nonvolatile static random access memory (NV-SRAM) cell using magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with magnetic-field-free current-induced magnetization switching (CIMS) architecture. A pair of MTJs…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-13 Shuu'ichirou Yamamoto , Satoshi Sugahara

Thanks to its superior features of fast read/write speed and low power consumption, spin-torque transfer magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) has become a promising non-volatile memory (NVM) technology that is suitable for many…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xingwei Zhong , Kui Cai , Zhen Mei , Tony Q. S. Quek

Reliable operation of perpendicular spin-transfer-torque magnetic random-access memory (p-STT-MRAM) requires control of magnetic alignment within the synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) reference layer. At nanopillar dimensions, however,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Afan Terko , George Lertzman-Lepofsky , Dieter Suess , Claas Abert , Erol Girt

The complementary field-effect transistors (CFETs), featuring vertically stacked n/p-FETs, enhance integration density and significantly reduce the area of standard cells such as static random-access memory (SRAM). However, the advantage of…

Sub/Near-threshold static random-access memory (SRAM) design is crucial for addressing the memory bottleneck in energy-constrained applications. However, the high integration density and reliability under process variations demand an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Shan Shen , Peng Cao , Ming Ling , Longxing Shi

We present a novel design of a strained topological insulator spin-orbit torque random access memory (STI-SOTRAM) bit cell comprising a piezoelectric/magnet (gating)/topological insulator (TI)/magnet (storage) heterostructure that leverages…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-03-03 Md Golam Morshed , Hamed Vakili , Mohammad Nazmus Sakib , Samiran Ganguly , Mircea R. Stan , Avik W. Ghosh

Superconductor electronics (SCE) is a promising complementary and beyond CMOS technology. However, despite its practical benefits, the realization of SCE logic faces a significant challenge due to the absence of dense and scalable…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-12-05 Mustafa Altay Karamuftuoglu , Beyza Zeynep Ucpinar , Sasan Razmkhah , Massoud Pedram

It looks very attractive to coordinate racetrack-memory (RM) and stochastic-computing (SC) jointly to build an ultra-low power neuron-architecture.However, the above combination has always been questioned in a fatal weakness that the heavy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Jihe Wang , Zhiying Zhang , Xingwu Dong , Danghui Wang

Ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) memory has shown the potential to meet the requirements of the growing need for fast, dense, low-power, and non-volatile memories. In this paper, we propose a memory architecture named…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-25 Mor M. Dahan , Evelyn T. Breyer , Stefan Slesazeck , Thomas Mikolajick , Shahar Kvatinsky

Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STTRAM) is promising for cache applications. However, it brings new data security issues that were absent in volatile memory counterparts such as Static RAM (SRAM) and embedded Dynamic RAM (eDRAM). This is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Nitin Rathi , Asmit De , Helia Naeimi , Swaroop Ghosh