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I describe a new approach to the classification of snow crystal morphologies that focuses on the most common growth behaviors that appear in normal air under conditions of constant applied temperature and water-vapor supersaturation. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-09-02 Kenneth G. Libbrecht

Phase transition problems on curved surfaces can lead to a panopticon of fascinating patterns. In this paper we consider finite element approximations of phase field models with a spatially inhomogeneous and anisotropic surface energy…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-09 Harald Garcke , Robert Nürnberg

The growth of snow crystals is dependent on the temperature and saturation of the environment. In the case of dendrites, Reiter's local two-dimensional model provides a realistic approach to the study of dendrite growth. In this paper we…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-02-17 Jessica Li , Laura P. Schaposnik

Polar ice develops anisotropic crystal orientation fabrics under deformation, yet ice is most often modelled as an isotropic fluid. We present three-dimensional simulations of the crystal orientation fabric of Derwael Ice Rise including the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-08-05 A. Clara J. Henry , Carlos Martín , Reinhard Drews

Given recipe of qualitative, kinetic modelling by geometric methods of three-dimensional dendritic crystals. Characteristic features of the perturbations appearing on the surface of a spherical body, leading to different scenarios of the…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-10-05 Alexander S. Prokhoda

We examine the shape of a an isolated, dislocation-free ice crystal when it is in equilibrium with the vapor phase in an isothermal closed environment, as a function of temperature. From our analysis we draw the following conclusions: 1)…

Materials Science · Physics 2012-05-08 Kenneth G. Libbrecht

We use a combined phase-field/lattice-Boltzmann scheme [D. Medvedev, K. Kassner, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 72}, 056703 (2005)] to simulate non-facetted crystal growth from an undercooled melt in external flows. Selected growth parameters are…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-11 Dmitry Medvedev , Thomas Fischaleck , Klaus Kassner

I describe a semi-empirical molecular model of the surface attachment kinetics governing ice crystal growth from water vapor as a function of temperature, supersaturation, and crystal mesostructure. An important new hypothesis in this model…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-11-14 Kenneth G. Libbrecht

We study an effective model of microscopic facet formation for low temperature three dimensional microscopic Wulff crystals above the droplet condensation threshold. The model we consider is a 2+1 solid on solid surface coupled with high…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-12 Dmitry Ioffe , Senya Shlosman

The possibility to align and organize faceted particles in the bulk offers intriguing possibilities for the design and discovery of materials and architectures exhibiting novel functional properties. The growth of ice crystals can be used…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-07-01 Florian Bouville , Eric Maire , Sylvain Deville

I examine a variety snow crystal growth experiments performed at temperatures near -2 C, as a function of supersaturation, background gas pressure, and crystal morphology. Although the different experimental data were obtained using quite…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-04-15 Kenneth G. Libbrecht

I examine the molecular dynamics of ice growth from water vapor, focusing on how the attachment kinetics can be augmented by edge-dependent surface diffusion. Although there are significant uncertainties in developing an accurate physical…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-12-25 Kenneth G. Libbrecht

Depositional ice growth is an important process for cirrus cloud evolution, but the physics of ice growth in atmospheric conditions is still poorly understood. One major challenge in constraining depositional ice growth models against…

Molecular simulations employing empiric force fields have provided valuable knowledge about the ice growth process in the last decade. The development of novel computational techniques allows us to study this process, which requires long…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-06-07 Pablo Montero de Hijes , Salvatore Romano , Alexander Gorfer , Christoph Dellago

I examine a variety of snow crystal growth measurements taken at a temperature of -5 C, as a function of supersaturation, background gas pressure, and crystal morphology. Both plate-like and columnar prismatic forms are observed under…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-12-09 Kenneth G. Libbrecht

We developed a consistent mathematical model for isotropic crystal growth on a substrate covered by the mask material with a periodic series of parallel long trenches where the substrate is exposed to the vapor phase. Surface diffusion and…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Khenner , R. J. Braun , M. G. Mauk

The physics of ice crystal growth from the liquid phase, especially in the presence of salt, has received much less attention than the growth of snow crystals from the vapour phase. The growth of so-called frazil ice by solidification of a…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-11-22 David W. Rees Jones , Andrew J. Wells

We present measurements of the growth rates of the principal facet surfaces of ice from water vapor as a function of supersaturation over the temperature range -2 C > T > -40 C. Our data are well described by a dislocation-free…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-08-26 K. G. Libbrecht , M. E. Rickerby

Snow is a porous disordered medium consisting of air and three water phases: ice, vapour and liquid. The ice phase consists of an assemblage of grains, ice matrix, initially arranged over a random load bearing skeleton. The quantitative…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-12-22 Anna Carbone , Bernardino M. Chiaia , Barbara Frigo , Christian Turk

We examine ice crystal growth from water vapor at temperatures near the melting point, when surface premelting creates a quasiliquid layer at the solid/vapor interface. Recent ice growth measurements as a function of vapor supersaturation…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-07-04 Kenneth G. Libbrecht