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We define a general class of dependent type theories, encompassing Martin-L\"of's intuitionistic type theories and variants and extensions. The primary aim is pragmatic: to unify and organise their study, allowing results and constructions…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-09-14 Andrej Bauer , Philipp G. Haselwarter , Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine

We define "Locally Nameless Permutation Types", which fuse permutation types as used in Nominal Isabelle with the locally nameless representation. We show that this combination is particularly useful when formalizing programming languages…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-10-25 Edsko de Vries , Vasileios Koutavas

Following the types-as-sets paradigm, we present a mechanized embedding of dependent function types with a hierarchy of universes into schematic first-order logic with equality, with axiom schemas of Tarski-Grothendieck set theory. We carry…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yunsong Yang , Simon Guilloud , Viktor Kunčak

The logical technique of focusing can be applied to the $\lambda$-calculus; in a simple type system with atomic types and negative type formers (functions, products, the unit type), its normal forms coincide with $\beta\eta$-normal forms.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Gabriel Scherer

Nominal techniques have been praised for their ability to formalize grammars with binding structures closer to their informal developments. At its core, there lies the definition of nominal sets, which capture the notion of name…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Fabrício Sanches Paranhos , Daniel Ventura

Dependently typed lambda calculi such as the Logical Framework (LF) are capable of representing relationships between terms through types. By exploiting the "formulas-as-types" notion, such calculi can also encode the correspondence between…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-07-07 Zachary Snow , David Baelde , Gopalan Nadathur

We define the syntax and reduction relation of a recursively typed lambda calculus with a parallel case-function (a parallel conditional). The reduction is shown to be confluent. We interpret the recursive types as information systems in a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-06-12 Fritz Müller

Propositional type theory, first studied by Henkin, is the restriction of simple type theory to a single base type that is interpreted as the set of the two truth values. We show that two constants (falsity and implication) suffice for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-01-25 Mark Kaminski , Gert Smolka

Many formal languages include binders as well as operators that satisfy equational axioms, such as commutativity. Here we consider the nominal language, a general formal framework which provides support for the representation of binders,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ali K. Caires-Santos , Maribel Fernández , Daniele Nantes-Sobrinho

In this work we provide alternative formulations of the concepts of lambda theory and extensional theory without introducing the notion of substitution and the sets of all, free and bound variables occurring in a term. We also clarify the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Michele Basaldella

We give a formal treatment of simple type theories, such as the simply-typed $\lambda$-calculus, using the framework of abstract clones. Abstract clones traditionally describe first-order structures, but by equipping them with additional…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Nathanael Arkor , Dylan McDermott

Formal languages over infinite alphabets serve as abstractions of structures and processes carrying data. Automata models over infinite alphabets, such as classical register automata or, equivalently, nominal orbit-finite automata, tend to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Florian Frank , Daniel Hausmann , Stefan Milius , Lutz Schröder , Henning Urbat

We introduce a framework for lightweight dependency syntax annotation. Our formalism builds upon the typical representation for unlabeled dependencies, permitting a simple notation and annotation workflow. Moreover, the formalism encourages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-06-18 Nathan Schneider , Brendan O'Connor , Naomi Saphra , David Bamman , Manaal Faruqui , Noah A. Smith , Chris Dyer , Jason Baldridge

We investigate the class of models of a general dependent theory. We continue math.LO/0702292 in particular investigating so called "decomposition of types"; thesis is that what holds for stable theory and for Th(Q,<) hold for dependent…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-02-28 Saharon Shelah

Gradual dependent types can help with the incremental adoption of dependently typed code by providing a principled semantics for imprecise types and proofs, where some parts have been omitted. Current theories of gradual dependent types,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Joseph Eremondi , Ronald Garcia , Éric Tanter

The Dependent Object Types (DOT) calculus incorporates concepts from functional languages (e.g. modules) with traditional object-oriented features (e.g. objects, subtyping) to achieve greater expressivity (e.g. F-bounded polymorphism).…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yu Xiang Zhu , Amos Robinson , Sophia Roshal , Timothy Mou , Julian Mackay , Jonathan Aldrich , Alex Potanin

The ability to cast values between related types is a leitmotiv of many flavors of dependent type theory, such as observational type theories, subtyping, or cast calculi for gradual typing. These casts all exhibit a common structural…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Arthur Adjedj , Meven Lennon-Bertrand , Thibaut Benjamin , Kenji Maillard

Gradually typed programming languages, which allow for soundly mixing static and dynamically typed programming styles, present a strong challenge for metatheorists. Even the simplest sound gradually typed languages feature at least…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Eric Giovannini , Tingting Ding , Max S. New

We develop normalisation by evaluation (NBE) for dependent types based on presheaf categories. Our construction is formulated in the metalanguage of type theory using quotient inductive types. We use a typed presentation hence there are no…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Thorsten Altenkirch , Ambrus Kaposi

Just like any other branch of mathematics, denotational semantics of programming languages should be formalised in type theory, but adapting traditional domain theoretic semantics, as originally formulated in classical set theory to type…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-05-07 Rasmus E. Møgelberg , Marco Paviotti