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While predictive policing has become increasingly common in assisting with decisions in the criminal justice system, the use of these results is still controversial. Some software based on deep learning lacks accuracy (e.g., in F-1), and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Abdul Rafae Khan , Jia Xu , Peter Varsanyi , Rachit Pabreja

The plausibility of uncommon events and miracles based on testimony of such an event has been much discussed. When analyzing the probabilities involved, it has mostly been assumed that the common events can be taken as data in the…

Applications · Statistics 2016-03-01 V. Palonen

Containing the spreading of crime in urban societies remains a major challenge. Empirical evidence suggests that, left unchecked, crimes may be recurrent and proliferate. On the other hand, eradicating a culture of crime may be difficult,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-25 Maria R. D'Orsogna , Matjaz Perc

For decades, forensic statisticians have debated whether searching large DNA databases undermines the evidential value of a match. Modern surveillance faces an exponentially harder problem: screening populations across thousands of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-29 Marco Pollanen

Fix $c\in (0,1)$ and let $\Gamma$ be a $\lfloor c n\rfloor$-regular digraph on $n$ vertices drawn uniformly at random. We prove that when $n$ is large, the (non-symmetric) adjacency matrix $M$ of $\Gamma$ is invertible with high…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-08-04 Nicholas A. Cook

Prisoner's dilemma has been heavily studied. In classical model, each player chooses to either "Cooperate" or "Defect". In this paper, we generalize the prisoner's dilemma with a new alternative which is neither defect or cooperation. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-03-17 Xinyang Deng , Qi Liu , Yong Deng

Causal inference in a sub-population involves identifying the causal effect of an intervention on a specific subgroup, which is distinguished from the whole population through the influence of systematic biases in the sampling process.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Amir Mohammad Abouei , Ehsan Mokhtarian , Negar Kiyavash

In observational studies of discrimination, the most common statistical approaches consider either the rate at which decisions are made (benchmark tests) or the success rate of those decisions (outcome tests). Both tests, however, have…

Applications · Statistics 2025-03-07 Johann D. Gaebler , Sharad Goel

The stochastic block model (SBM) provides a popular framework for modeling community structures in networks. However, more attention has been devoted to problems concerning estimating the latent node labels and the model parameters than the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-02 Y. X. Rachel Wang , Peter J. Bickel

Accurate real time crime prediction is a fundamental issue for public safety, but remains a challenging problem for the scientific community. Crime occurrences depend on many complex factors. Compared to many predictable events, crime is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-07-12 Bao Wang , Duo Zhang , Duanhao Zhang , P. Jeffery Brantingham , Andrea L. Bertozzi

Settings such as lending and policing can be modeled by a centralized agent allocating a resource (loans or police officers) amongst several groups, in order to maximize some objective (loans given that are repaid or criminals that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Hadi Elzayn , Shahin Jabbari , Christopher Jung , Michael Kearns , Seth Neel , Aaron Roth , Zachary Schutzman

Risk assessment instruments are used across the criminal justice system to estimate the probability of some future behavior given covariates. The estimated probabilities are then used in making decisions at the individual level. In the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-02-03 Kristian Lum , David B. Dunson , James Johndrow

This paper studies how insurers can chose which claims to investigate for fraud. Given a prediction model, typically only claims with the highest predicted propability of being fraudulent are investigated. We argue that this can lead to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-24 Christos Revelas , Otilia Boldea , Bas J. M. Werker

We consider the problem of intruder deduction in security protocol analysis: that is, deciding whether a given message $M$ can be deduced from a set of messages $\Gamma$ under the theory of blind signatures and arbitrary convergent…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-04-06 Alwen Tiu , Rajeev Gore

Decision problems are problems of the following nature: given a property P and an object O, find out whether or not the object O has the property P. On the other hand, witness problems are: given a property P and an object O with the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2010-10-05 Vladimir Shpilrain

Establishing the convergence of splines can be cast as a variational problem which is amenable to a $\Gamma$-convergence approach. We consider the case in which the regularization coefficient scales with the number of observations, $n$, as…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-14 Matthew Thorpe , Adam M. Johansen

A goal in the forensic interpretation of scientific evidence is to make an inference about the source of a trace of unknown origin. The evidence is composed of the following three elements: (a) the trace of unknown origin, (b) a sample from…

Applications · Statistics 2015-03-31 Danica M. Ommen , Christopher P. Saunders , Cedric Neumann

The likelihood ratio (LR) is a commonly used measure for determining the strength of forensic match evidence. When a forensic expert determines a high LR for DNA found at a crime scene matching the DNA profile of a suspect they typically…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-21 Norman Fenton , Allan Jamieson , Sara Gomes , Martin Neil

We propose a simple mathematical model to describe the evolution of violent crimes. For such purpose, we built a model based on ordinary differential equations that take into account the number of violent crimes and the number of legal and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-20 Nuno Crokidakis

The group membership prediction (GMP) problem involves predicting whether or not a collection of instances share a certain semantic property. For instance, in kinship verification given a collection of images, the goal is to predict whether…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-09-17 Ziming Zhang , Yuting Chen , Venkatesh Saligrama