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We investigate natural Tur\'an problems for mixed graphs, generalizations of graphs where edges can be either directed or undirected. We study a natural \textit{Tur\'an density coefficient} that measures how large a fraction of directed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-26 Nitya Mani , Edward Yu

In this paper we describe a number of extensions to Razborov's semidefinite flag algebra method. We will begin by showing how to apply the method to significantly improve the upper bounds of edge and vertex Tur\'an density type results for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-14 Rahil Baber

The Tur\'{a}n number of a graph $H$, $ex(n,H)$, is the maximum number of edges in a simple graph of order $n$ which does not contain $H$ as a subgraph. Let $k\cdot P_3$ denote $k$ disjoint copies of a path on $3$ vertices. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-25 Long-Tu Yuan , Xiao-Dong Zhang

Write $K^{(k)}_{n}$ for the complete $k$-graph on $n$ vertices. For $2 \leq k \leq g < r$ integers, let $\pi\left(n, K^{(k)}_{g}, K^{(k)}_r\right)$ be the maximum density of $K^{(k)}_{g}$ in $n$ vertex $K^{(k)}_{r}$-free $k$-graphs. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-20 Levente Bodnar

Let $\mathscr{F}$ be a family of graphs. A graph $G$ is $\mathscr{F}$-free if $G$ does not contain any $F\in \mathscr{F}$ as a subgraph. The Tur\'an number, denoted by $ex(n, \mathscr{F})$, is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Haixiang Zhang , Xiamiao Zhao , Mei Lu

For graphs $H$ and $F$, the generalized Tur\'an number $ex(n,H,F)$ is the largest number of copies of $H$ in an $F$-free graph on $n$ vertices. We consider this problem when both $H$ and $F$ have at most four vertices. We give sharp results…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Dániel Gerbner

The Tur\'an number of a graph $H$, denoted by $ex(n, H)$, is the maximum number of edges in any graph on $n$ vertices containing no $H$ as a subgraph. Let $P_{\ell}$ denote the path on $\ell$ vertices, $S_{\ell-1}$ denote the star on $\ell$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Tao Fang , Xiying Yuan

Fix a graph $F$. We say that a graph is {\it $F$-free} if it does not contain $F$ as a subgraph. The {\it Tur\'an number} of $F$, denoted $\mathrm{ex}(n,F)$, is the maximum number of edges possible in an $n$-vertex $F$-free graph. The study…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-17 Omid Khormali , Cory Palmer

Let $H_k^r$ denote an $r$-uniform hypergraph with $k$ edges and $r+1$ vertices, where $k \leq r+1$ (it is easy to see that such a hypergraph is unique up to isomorphism). The known general bounds on its Tur\'{a}n density are $\pi(H_k^r)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-04 Alexander Sidorenko

The Tur\'{a}n number $ex(n,H)$ of a graph $H$ is the maximum number of edges in any $H$-free graph on $n$ vertices. The triangular pyramid of $k$-layers, denoted by $TP_k$, is a generalization of a triangle. The Tur\'an problems of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Hangdi Chen , Yaojun Chen , Xiutao Zhu

Given a family of $3$-graphs $\mathcal{F}$, the uniform Tur\'{a}n density $\pi_{\therefore}(\mathcal{F})$ is defined as the infimum $d\in[0,1]$ for which any sufficiently large uniformly $d$-dense $3$-graph - that is, a $3$-graph which has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Dylan King , Simón Piga , Marcelo Sales , Bjarne Schülke

The classical K\H{o}v\'ari-S\'os-Tur\'an theorem states that if $G$ is an $n$-vertex graph with no copy of $K_{s,t}$ as a subgraph, then the number of edges in $G$ is at most $O(n^{2-1/s})$. We prove that if one forbids $K_{s,t}$ as an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-19 Po-Shen Loh , Michael Tait , Craig Timmons , Rodrigo Zhou

Determining the Tur\'an densities of hypergraphs is a notoriously difficult problem at the core of combinatorics. Although Tur\'an posed this problem in 1941, $\pi(K_{\ell}^{(k)})$ remains unknown for all $\ell>k\geq 3$. Prior to this work,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-11 Hong Liu , Bjarne Schülke , Shuaichao Wang , Haotian Yang , Yixiao Zhang

For graphs $H$ and $F$, the generalized Tur\'an number $ex(n,H,F)$ is the largest number of copies of $H$ in an $F$-free graph on $n$ vertices. We say that $H$ is $F$-Tur\'an-good if $ex(n,H,F)$ is the number of copies in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-24 Dániel Gerbner

For a graph $H$ and a $k$-chromatic graph $F,$ if the Tur\'an graph $T_{k-1}(n)$ has the maximum number of copies of $H$ among all $n$-vertex $F$-free graphs (for $n$ large enough), then $H$ is called $F$-Tur\'an-good, or $k$-Tur\'an-good…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-03 Bingchen Qian , Chengfei Xie , Gennian Ge

The $3$-uniform tight $\ell$-cycle $C_\ell^{3}$ is the $3$-graph on $\{1,\dots,\ell\}$ consisting of all $\ell$ consecutive triples in the cyclic order. Let $\mathcal{C}$ be either the pair $\{C_{4}^{3}, C_{5}^{3}\}$ or the single tight…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Levente Bodnár , Jared León , Xizhi Liu , Oleg Pikhurko

In this paper, we prove several new Tur\'{a}n density results for $3$-graphs. We show: $\pi(C_4^3, \mathrm{complement\ of\ } F_5) = 2\sqrt{3} - 3$, $\pi(F_{3,2}, C_5^{3-}) = \frac{2}{9}$, and $\pi(F_{3,2}, \mathrm{induced\ complement\ of\ }…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-11 Nannan Chen , Yuzhen Qi , Caihong Yang , Hongbin Zhao

The Tur\'an number of a graph $H$, denoted by $ex(n,H)$, is the maximum number of edges in any graph on $n$ vertices which does not contain $H$ as a subgraph. Let $P_{k}$ denote the path on $k$ vertices and let $mP_{k}$ denote $m$ disjoint…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-22 Yongxin Lan , Zhongmei Qin , Yongtang Shi

The generalized Tur\'an number for $H$ of $G$, denoted by $\ex(n,H,G)$, is the maximum number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex $G$-free graph. When $H$ is an edge, $\ex(n,H,G)$ is the classical Tur\'an number $\ex(n,G)$. Let $P_k$ be the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-15 Yichen Wang , Ervin Győri

P. Erd\H{o}s [On extremal problems of graphs and generalized graphs, Israel Journal of Mathematics 2 (1964), 183-190] characterised those hypergraphs $F$ that have to appear in any sufficiently large hypergraph $H$ of positive density. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-30 Christian Reiher , Vojtěch Rödl , Mathias Schacht