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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly required to generate structured, machine-readable outputs for downstream systems. While recent benchmarks have focused on evaluating the structural correctness of such outputs, the environmental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Elio Masciari , Vincenzo Moscato , Enea Vincenzo Napolitano , Gian Marco Orlando , Marco Perillo , Diego Russo

Vision-language models (VLMs) classify the query video by calculating a similarity score between the visual features and text-based class label representations. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been used to enrich the text-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Adeel Yousaf , Muzammal Naseer , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Mubarak Shah

This study has proposed an E-textbook platform, MetaCQ, which integrates ITS and OLM to enable users to monitor their study progress. The platform adopts a chatbot to generate MCQs and manage learners' study data and their learning model.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Beier Wang , Xueting Huang

While rapid advances in large language models (LLMs) are reshaping data-driven intelligent education, accurately simulating students remains an important but challenging bottleneck for scalable educational data collection, evaluation, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Haoxuan Li , Jifan Yu , Xin Cong , Yang Dang , Daniel Zhang-li , Lu Mi , Yisi Zhan , Huiqin Liu , Zhiyuan Liu

This thesis tackles the problem of learning efficient representations of complex, structured data with a natural application to web page and element classification. We hypothesise that the context around the element inside the web page is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Cedric Cook

The recent explosion in popularity of large language models (LLMs) has inspired learning engineers to incorporate them into adaptive educational tools that automatically score summary writing. Understanding and evaluating LLMs is vital…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Adam Coscia , Langdon Holmes , Wesley Morris , Joon Suh Choi , Scott Crossley , Alex Endert

Millions of people rely on search functionality to find and explore content on entertainment platforms. Modern search systems use a combination of candidate generation and ranking approaches, with advanced methods leveraging deep learning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Adeep Hande , Kishorekumar Sundararajan , Sardar Hamidian , Ferhan Ture

E-Learning is efficient, task relevant and just-in-time learning grown from the learning requirements of the new and dynamically changing world. The term Semantic Web covers the steps to create a new WWW architecture that augments the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2012-09-17 Khurram Naim Shamsi , Zafar Iqbal Khan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve strong performance by jointly processing inputs from multiple modalities, such as vision, audio, and language. However, building such models or extending them to new modalities often requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Md Kaykobad Reza , Ameya Patil , Edward Ayrapetian , M. Salman Asif

Set-of-Mark (SoM) Prompting unleashes the visual grounding capability of GPT-4V, by enabling the model to associate visual objects with tags inserted on the image. These tags, marked with alphanumerics, can be indexed via text tokens for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 An Yan , Zhengyuan Yang , Junda Wu , Wanrong Zhu , Jianwei Yang , Linjie Li , Kevin Lin , Jianfeng Wang , Julian McAuley , Jianfeng Gao , Lijuan Wang

Existing video understanding benchmarks often conflate knowledge-based and purely image-based questions, rather than clearly isolating a model's temporal reasoning ability, which is the key aspect that distinguishes video understanding from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Bo Feng , Zhengfeng Lai , Shiyu Li , Zizhen Wang , Simon Wang , Ping Huang , Meng Cao

We introduce ETOM, a five-level benchmark for evaluating multi-hop, end-to-end tool orchestration by LLM agents within a hierarchical Model-Context Protocol (MCP) ecosystem. Existing benchmarks often assess tools in isolation, overlooking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jia-Kai Dong , I-Wei Huang , Chun-Tin Wu , Yi-Tien Tsai

Most modern software systems (operating systems like Linux or Android, Web browsers like Firefox or Chrome, video encoders like ffmpeg, x264 or VLC, mobile and cloud applications, etc.) are highly-configurable. Hundreds of configuration…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Juliana Alves Pereira , Hugo Martin , Mathieu Acher , Jean-Marc Jézéquel , Goetz Botterweck , Anthony Ventresque

State-of-the-art vision-language models (VLMs) score impressively on video benchmarks yet stumble on basic visual reasoning tasks involving spatial relations, navigation, and object selection that a preschooler solves easily. We hypothesize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bishoy Galoaa , Xiangyu Bai , Sarah Ostadabbas

We developed the Learning About STEM Student Outcomes (LASSO) online assessment platform to increase instructor use of research-based assessments (RBAs). LASSO does this by making it easy to collect and analyze high-quality evidence about…

Physics Education · Physics 2018-12-07 Ben Van Dusen

Large Language Models (LLMs) challenge conventional automated programming assessment because students can now produce functionally correct code without demonstrating corresponding understanding. This paper makes two contributions. First, it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Eduard Frankford , Erik Cikalleshi , Ruth Breu

Generative AI (GenAI) models have broad implications for education in general, impacting the foundations of what we teach and how we assess. This is especially true in computing, where LLMs tuned for coding have demonstrated shockingly good…

In this paper we present the Open Software Services for Classrooms and Research (OSSCAR) platform. OSSCAR provides an open collaborative environment to develop, deploy and access educational resources in the form of web applications. To…

Physics Education · Physics 2022-10-05 Dou Du , Taylor J. Baird , Sara Bonella , Giovanni Pizzi

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into educational practice enables personalized learning by accommodating diverse learner behaviors. This study explored diverse learner profiles within a multi-agent, LLM-empowered learning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zhanxin Hao , Jianxiao Jiang , Jifan Yu , Zhiyuan Liu , Yu Zhang

Information and knowledge in exchange in public networks is a crucial challenge that needs to be overcome in order to consolidate the benefits associated with such structures. We study the impact of the nature of the information exchanged…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2011-07-26 Maria Teresa Noguera