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The next generation gravitational wave (GW) detectors -- Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE) will have distance horizons up to $\mathcal{O}(10)$ Gpc for detecting binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. This will make them ideal for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-27 Mainak Mukhopadhyay , Shigeo S. Kimura , Kohta Murase

Einstein Telescope (ET) is a proposed next-generation Gravitational Wave (GW) interferometer designed to detect a large number of astrophysical and cosmological sources with unprecedented sensitivity. A key target for ET is the detection of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-17 Ilaria Caporali , Giulia Capurri , Walter Del Pozzo , Angelo Ricciardone , Lorenzo Valbusa Dall'Armi

Third-generation gravitational wave (GW) observatories such as Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE) will be ideal instruments to probe the structure of neutron stars through the GWs they emit when undergoing binary coalescence.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-04 Pawan Kumar Gupta , Anna Puecher , Peter T. H. Pang , Justin Janquart , Gideon Koekoek , Chris Van Den Broeck

The detection of gravitational waves (GW) by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations offers a whole new range of possible tests and opens up a new window which may shed light on the nature of dark energy and dark matter. In the present work we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-28 Minghui Du , Weiqiang Yang , Lixin Xu , Supriya Pan , David F. Mota

Third-generation gravitational wave (GW) observatories such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE) will detect hundreds of thousands of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers, reaching redshifts beyond $z\sim3$. To fully exploit…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-14 S. Bisero , S. D. Vergani , E. Loffredo , M. Branchesi , N. Hazra , U. Dupletsa , R. I. Anderson

The discovery of gravitational waves, first observed in September 2015 following the merger of a binary black hole system, has already revolutionised our understanding of the Universe. This was further enhanced in August 2017, when the…

The recent Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo joint observing runs have not claimed a stochastic gravitational-wave background detection, but one expects this to change as the sensitivity of the detectors improves. The challenge of claiming a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-03 Katarina Martinovic , Patrick M. Meyers , Mairi Sakellariadou , Nelson Christensen

A conservative constraint on the Einstein Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) can be obtained under the assumption that the observed time delay between correlated particles from astronomical sources is dominated by the gravitational fields…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-03 Xue-Feng Wu , He Gao , Jun-Jie Wei , Xi-Long Fan , Peter Mészáros , Bing Zhang , Zi-Gao Dai , Shuang-Nan Zhang , Zong-Hong Zhu

The next generation of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE), present a unique opportunity to put constraints on dense matter, among many other groundbreaking scientific goals. In a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-18 Francesco Iacovelli , Michele Mancarella , Chiranjib Mondal , Anna Puecher , Tim Dietrich , Francesca Gulminelli , Michele Maggiore , Micaela Oertel

The next-generation (3G/XG) ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors such as Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE) will begin observing in the next decade. Due to the extremely high sensitivity of these detectors, the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-13 Shichao Wu , Alexander H. Nitz

Gravitational waves (GWs) have rapidly become important cosmological probes since their first detection in 2015. As the number of detected events continues to rise, upcoming instruments like the Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-03 Stefano Zazzera , José Fonseca , Tessa Baker , Chris Clarkson

In this study, we use simple performance metrics to assess the science capabilities of future ground-based gravitational-wave detector networks -- composed of A+ or Voyager upgrades to the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA observatories and proposed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-13 Ssohrab Borhanian , B. S. Sathyaprakash

Next-generation gravitational-wave detectors will provide unprecedented sensitivity to inspiraling binary neutron stars and black holes, enabling detections at the peak of star formation and beyond. However, the signals from these systems…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-22 Andrew L. Miller , Neha Singh , Cristiano Palomba

Gravitational-wave (GW) astrophysics is a rapidly expanding field, with plans to enhance the global ground-based observatory network through the addition of larger, more sensitive observatories: Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer. These…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-03 Sarah E. Gossan , Evan D. Hall , Samaya M. Nissanke

Next-generation gravitational-wave detectors like the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, currently in their preparatory phase, have the potential to significantly improve our understanding of astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-23 Michael Ebersold , Tania Regimbau , Nelson Christensen

It is currently unknown how matter behaves at the extreme densities found within the cores of neutron stars. Measurements of the neutron star equation of state probe nuclear physics that is otherwise inaccessible in a laboratory setting.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-03 Kris Walker , Rory Smith , Eric Thrane , Daniel J. Reardon

Third-generation gravitational wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, will detect a bunch of gravitational-wave (GW) signals originating from the coalescence of binary neutron star (BNS) and binary black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-18 Yoshiaki Himemoto , Atsushi Nishizawa , Atsushi Taruya

With the discovery of both binary black hole mergers and a binary neutron star merger the field of Gravitational Wave Astrophysics has really begun. The current advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors are laser interferometers that will improve…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-04 Gijs Nelemans

Gravitational-wave (GW) observations of compact binaries have the potential to unlock several remarkable applications in astrophysics, cosmology, and nuclear physics through accurate measurements of the source luminosity distance and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-23 Adriano Frattale Mascioli , Francesco Crescimbeni , Costantino Pacilio , Paolo Pani , Francesco Pannarale

The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a third-generation underground gravitational-wave observatory designed to extend the detection sensitivity down to a few Hertz. Newtonian noise is expected to limit the low-frequency sensitivity of ET,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-17 Patrick Schillings , Shi Yao , Johannes Erdmann , Andreas Rietbrock