Related papers: Work and energy in rotating systems
Most of the logical objections against the classical laws of motion, as they are usually presented in textbooks, centre on the fact that defining force in terms of mass and acceleration, the first two laws are mere assertions of concepts to…
Thermodynamics is traditionally concerned with systems comprised of a large number of particles. Here we present a framework for extending thermodynamics to individual quantum systems, including explicitly a thermal bath and work-storage…
Inertial effects play an important role in classical mechanics but have been largely overlooked in quantum mechanics. Nevertheless, the analogy between inertial forces on mass particles and electromagnetic forces on charged particles is not…
The Newtonian concept of force may be useful in some aspects of the dynamics of many-particle quantum systems such as fissioning nuclei. Following Ehrenfest's method, we show that the quantum kinetic force between parts of an extended…
Newton's second law has limited scope of application when transient phenomena are present. We consider a modification of Newton's second law in order to take into account a sudden change (surge) of angular momentum or linear momentum. We…
A major part of the many thermally driven processes in our natural environment as well as in engineering solutions of Carnot-type machinery is based on the second law of thermodynamics (or principle of entropy increase). An interesting link…
It exists a large class of systems for which the traditional notion of extensivity breaks down. From experimental examples we induce two general hypothesis concerning such systems. In the first the existence of an internal coordinate system…
In quantum systems which satisfy the hypothesis of equal weights for eigenstates [4], the maximum work principle (for extremely slow and relatively fast operation) is derived by using quantum dynamics alone. This may be a crucial step in…
Quantum heat cycles and quantum refrigerators are analyzed using various quantum systems as their working mediums. For example, to evaluate the efficiency and the work done of the Carnot cycle in the quantum regime, one can consider the…
The behavior of mass is well known, as described by Newton's Laws of Motion, the Lorentz Contractions, and Einstein's mass - energy equivalence. But just what mass is, how those behaviors come about, what in material reality produces the…
We apply a simple decomposition to the energy of a moving particle. Based on this decomposition, we identify the potential and kinetic energies, then use them to give general definitions of momentum and the various kinds of forces exerted…
For macroscopic systems, the second law of thermodynamics establishes an inequality between the amount of work performed on a system in contact with a thermal reservoir, and the change in its free energy. For microscopic systems, this…
Variational techniques have been used in applications of hydrodynamics in special cases but an action that is general enough to deal with both potential flows and solid-body flows, such as cylindrical Couette flow and rotating planets, has…
We consider the Non-Equilibrium Steady State induced by two infinite quantum thermal reservoirs at different temperatures and derive an inequality giving the upper bound of the work extracted by cyclic operations. This upper bound tends to…
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, cycles applied to thermodynamic equilibrium states cannot perform work (passivity property of thermodyamic equilibrium states). In the presence of matter this can hold only in the rest frame of…
Entanglement is central both to the foundations of quantum theory and, as a novel resource, to quantum information science. The theory of entanglement establishes basic laws, such as the non-increase of entanglement under local operations,…
Misinterpretations of Newton's second law for variable mass systems found in the literature are addressed. In particular, it is shown that Newton's second law in the form $\vec{F} = \dot{\vec{p}}$ is valid for variable mass systems in…
Experimental studies of infinite (unrestricted at least in one direction) quantum particle motion using probe nanotechnologies have revealed the necessity of revising previous concepts of their motion. Particularly, quantum particles…
Engines are open systems that can generate work cyclically, at the expense of an external disequilibrium. They are ubiquitous in nature and technology, but the course of mathematical physics over the last 300 years has tended to make their…
The concepts of bare and effective mass are widely used within modern physics. Their meaning is discussed in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses such as solid state physics, nuclear physics and quantum field theory. Here, I discuss…