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Let $k \in \mathbb{N}$ and let $H_1, H_2, \ldots, H_k$ be simple graphs such that for each $j \in \{ 1, 2, \ldots, k \}$, the vertex set of $H_j$ is $\{ 0, 1, 2, \ldots, n_j - 1 \}$ for some $n_j \in \mathbb{N}$. The ordered Ramsey number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Nino Bašić , Ivan Damnjanović , Dragan Stevanović , Ivan Stošić

The Ramsey number $r(t;\ell)$ is the smallest $n$ such that every $\ell$-coloring of the edges of $K_n$ gives a monochromatic $K_{t}$. In recent years, there have been several improvements on asymptotic lower bounds for these numbers when…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Yamaan Attwa , Albert López Vidal , Patrick Morris

Let the grid graph $G_{M\times N}$ denote the Cartesian product $K_M \square K_N$. For a fixed subgraph $H$ of a grid, we study the off-diagonal Ramsey number $\operatorname{gr}(H, K_k)$, which is the smallest $N$ such that any red/blue…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Xiaoyu He , Ghaura Mahabaduge , Krishna Pothapragada , Josh Rooney , Jasper Seabold

The Ramsey number $R(G_1,\dots,G_k)$ is the smallest $n$ such that every $k$-coloring of the edges of $K_n$ contains a monochromatic copy of $G_i$ in color $i$. Ramsey numbers are challenging to compute, and few are known exactly. We use…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-05 William J. Wesley

The \textit{set-coloring Ramsey number} $\mathrm{R}_{r, s}(G_1,G_2,...,G_r)$ is the least $n \in \mathbb{N}$ such that every coloring $\chi: E\left(K_n\right) \rightarrow\binom{[r]}{s}$ contains a monochromatic copy of $G_i$, that is, a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Mengya He , Yaping Mao

Given positive integers $k$ and $\ell$ we write $G \rightarrow (K_k,K_\ell)$ if every 2-colouring of the edges of $G$ yields a red copy of $K_k$ or a blue copy of $K_\ell$ and we denote by $R(k)$ the minimum $n$ such that $K_n\rightarrow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Walner Mendonça , Meysam Miralaei , Guilherme O. Mota

For a graph G=(V,E), a hypergraph H is called Berge-G if there is a bijection f from E(G) to E(H) such that for each e in E(G), e is a subset of f(e). The set of all Berge-G hypergraphs is denoted B(G). For integers k>1, r>1, and a graph G,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-13 Maria Axenovich , Andras Gyarfas

Let $K\_{[k,t]}$ be the complete graph on $k$ vertices from which a set of edges, induced by a clique of order $t$, has been dropped. In this note we give two explicit upper bounds for $R(K\_{[k\_1,t\_1]},\dots, K\_{[k\_r,t\_r]})$ (the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-15 Jonathan Chappelon , Luis Pedro Montejano , Jorge Luis Ramírez Alfonsín

Let $P_t$ denote the path on $t$ vertices. The $r$-coloured Ramsey number of $P_t$, denoted by $R_r(P_t)$, is the minimum integer $n$ such that whenever the complete graph on $n$ vertices is given an $r$-edge-colouring, there exists a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Henry Liu , Bojan Mohar , Yongtang Shi

Given a graph $H$ and an integer $k\ge1$, the Gallai-Ramsey number $GR_k(H)$ is defined to be the minimum integer $n$ such that every $k$-edge coloring of the complete graph $K_n$ contains either a rainbow (all different colored) triangle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-16 Qinghong Zhao , Bing Wei

The Ramsey number $r(H)$ of a graph $H$ is the minimum $n$ such that any two-coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. The threshold Ramsey multiplicity $m(H)$ is then the minimum number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-21 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Benny Sudakov , Fan Wei

In this short note, we provide a new infinite family of $K_{2, t+1}$-free graphs for each prime power $t$. Using these graphs, we show that it is possible to partition the edges of $K_n$ into parts, such that each part is isomorphic to our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Vladislav Taranchuk

For positive integers $n, m$, the double star $S(n,m)$ is the graph consisting of the disjoint union of two stars $K_{1,n}$ and $K_{1,m}$ together with an edge joining their centers. Finding monochromatic copies of double stars in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Gregory DeCamillis , Zi-Xia Song

The Ramsey number $R(G_1, G_2, G_3)$ is the smallest positive integer $n$ such that for all 3-colorings of the edges of $K_n$ there is a monochromatic $G_1$ in the first color, $G_2$ in the second color, or $G_3$ in the third color. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-30 Daniel S. Shetler , Michael A. Wurtz , Stanisław P. Radziszowski

The size-Ramsey number $\hat{R}(F,r)$ of a graph $F$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that there exists a graph $G$ on $m$ edges with the property that any colouring of the edges of $G$ with $r$ colours yields a monochromatic copy of $F$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-26 Andrzej Dudek , Paweł Prałat

The Ramsey number r_k(s,n) is the minimum N such that every red-blue coloring of the k-tuples of an N-element set contains either a red set of size s or a blue set of size n, where a set is called red (blue) if all k-tuples from this set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-08-28 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Benny Sudakov

The $p$-partite Ramsey number for quadrilateral, denoted by $r_p(C_4,k)$, is the least positive integer $n$ such that any coloring of the edges of a complete $p$-partite graph with $n$ vertices in each partition with $k$ colors will result…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Janusz Dybizbański , Yaser Rowshan

We estimate the $3$-colour bipartite Ramsey number for balanced bipartite graphs $H$ with small bandwidth and bounded maximum degree. More precisely, we show that the minimum value of $N$ such that in any $3$-edge colouring of $K_{N,N}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-10 Guilherme Oliveira Mota

The Ramsey number $r_k(s,n)$ is the minimum $N$ such that every red-blue coloring of the $k$-subsets of $\{1, \ldots, N\}$ contains a red set of size $s$ or a blue set of size $n$, where a set is red (blue) if all of its $k$-subsets are red…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-01 Dhruv Mubayi , Andrew Suk

A Gallai $k$-coloring is a $k$-edge coloring of a complete graph in which there are no rainbow triangles. For two given graphs $H, G$ and two positive integers $k,s$ with that $s\leq k$, the $k$-colored Gallai-Ramsey number $gr_{k}(K_{3}:…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-07 Xueli Su , Yan Liu