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We study a local twist move on welded knots that is an analog of the virtualization move on virtual knots. Since this move is an unknotting operation we define an invariant, unknotting twist number, for welded knots. We relate the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-08-11 K. Kaur , A. Gill , M. Prabhakar , A. Vesnin

We study the dynamics near heteroclinic networks for which all eigenvalues of the linearization at the equilibria are real. A common connection and an assumption on the geometry of its incoming and outgoing directions exclude even the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-10-21 Sofia Castro , Alexander Lohse

An \"{u}bercrossing diagram is a knot diagram with only one crossing that may involve more than two strands of the knot. Such a diagram without any nested loops is called a petal projection. Every knot has a petal projection from which the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-08-10 Allison Henrich , Robin Truax

Frequently, knots are enumerated by their crossing number. However, the number of knots with crossing number $c$ grows exponentially with $c$, and to date computer-assisted proofs can only classify diagrams up to around twenty crossings.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-12-03 Yoav Moriah , Jessica S. Purcell

We define and compare several natural ways to compute the bridge number of a knot diagram. We study bridge numbers of crossing number minimizing diagrams, as well as the behavior of diagrammatic bridge numbers under the connected sum…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-07-09 Ryan Blair , Alexandra A. Kjuchukova , Makoto Ozawa

Networks embedded in space can display all sorts of transitions when their structure is modified. The nature of these transitions (and in some cases crossovers) can differ from the usual appearance of a giant component as observed for the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-12-19 Marc Barthelemy

Our main result is a version of Birman's theorem about equivalence of plats, which does not involve stabilization, for the unlink. We introduce the pocket and flip moves, which modify a plat without changing its link type or bridge index.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-08-16 Deepisha Solanki

In mathematics, a knot is a single strand of string crossed over itself any number of times, and connected at the ends. The Reidemeister Moves have been proven to be the three core moves necessary to fully untangle a knot. Some knots can be…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-02-08 Dana Foley

Given a diagram $D$ of a knot $K$, we consider the number $c(D)$ of crossings and the number $b(D)$ of overpasses of $D$. We show that, if $D$ is a diagram of a nontrivial knot $K$ whose number $c(D)$ of crossings is minimal, then…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-11-10 Jae-Wook Chung , Xiao-Song Lin

Hopf bifurcation in networks of coupled ODEs creates periodic states in which the relative phases of nodes are well defined near bifurcation. When the network is a fully inhomogeneous nearest-neighbour coupled unidirectional ring, and node…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-04-15 Ian Stewart

We introduce ribbon-moves of 2-knots, which are operations to make 2-knots into new 2-knots by local operations in B^4. (We do not assume the new knots is not equivalent to the old ones.) Let L_1 and L_2 be 2-links. Then the following hold.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Eiji Ogasa

Introduced recently, an n-crossing is a singular point in a projection of a link at which n strands cross such that each strand travels straight through the crossing. We introduce the notion of an \"ubercrossing projection, a knot…

The combinatorial approach to knot theory treats knots as diagrams modulo Reidemeister moves. Many constructions of knot invariants (e.g., index polynomials, quandle colorings, etc.) use elements of diagrams such as arcs and crossings by…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Igor Nikonov

We exhibit an encoding of knots into processes in the {\pi}-calculus such that knots are ambient isotopic if and only their encodings are weakly bisimilar.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-09-20 L. G. Meredith , David F. Snyder

We survey some tools and techniques for determining geometric properties of a link complement from a link diagram. In particular, we survey the tools used to estimate geometric invariants in terms of basic diagrammatic link invariants. We…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-09-27 David Futer , Efstratia Kalfagianni , Jessica S. Purcell

For an oriented knot diagram D, the warping degree d(D) is the smallest number of crossing changes which are needed to obtain the monotone diagram from D in the usual way. We show that d(D) + d(-D) + 1 is less than or equal to the crossing…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-06-02 Ayaka Shimizu

We consider a relation between two kinds of unknotting numbers defined by using a band surgery on unoriented knots; the band-unknotting number and H(2)-unknotting number, which we may characterize in terms of the first Betti number of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-12-13 Tetsuya Abe , Taizo Kanenobu

We classify graphs that are 0, 1, or 2 edges short of being complete partite graphs with respect to intrinsic linking and intrinsic knotting. In addition, we classify intrinsic knotting of graphs on 8 vertices. For graphs in these families,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas W. Mattman , Ryan Ottman , Matt Rodrigues

In this paper, a relationship between the determinant of an alternating link and a certain polytope obtained from the link diagram is analyzed. We also show that when the underlying graph of the link diagram is properly oriented, the number…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-05-13 Hiroki Murakami

We show that there are links whose individual components are concordant to the unknot, but which are not concordant to any link with unknotted components. We give examples in the topological category, and examples in the smooth category…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-10-01 Jae Choon Cha , Daniel Ruberman