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Multivariate Analysis is an increasingly common tool in experimental high energy physics; however, many of the common approaches were borrowed from other fields. We clarify what the goal of a multivariate algorithm should be for the search…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-11-18 Kyle S. Cranmer

Determining and measuring cause-effect relationships is fundamental to most scientific studies of natural phenomena. The notion of causation is distinctly different from correlation which only looks at association of trends or patterns in…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-22 Aditi Kathpalia , Nithin Nagaraj

The a priori analysis (APA) is discussed as a tool to assess the reliability of grades in standard curricular courses. This unusual, but striking application is presented when teaching the section on data treatment of a Laboratory Course to…

Physics Education · Physics 2014-09-29 G. L. Lippi

This report summarizes laboratory measurements of atomic wavelengths, energy levels, hyperfine and isotope structure, energy level lifetimes, and oscillator strengths. Theoretical calculations of lifetimes and oscillator strengths are also…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-08 Gillian Nave , Glenn M. Wahlgren , Jeffrey R. Fuhr

The quantum measurement process by a single-electron transistor or a quantum point contact coupled to a quantum bit is studied. We find a unified description of the statistics of the monitored quantity, the current, in the regime of strong…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuriy Makhlin , Gerd Schoen , Alexander Shnirman

I compare and discuss critically several measures of statistical significance in common use in astrophysics and in high energy physics. I also exhibit some relationships among them.

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-11-18 J. T. Linnemann

The measurements of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region are reviewed. Several unexpected features deserving new high precision, high statistics measurements are emphasised.

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 Alessandro De Falco

Thermodynamics could be seen as an expression of physics at a high epistemic level. As such, its potential as an inductive bias to help machine learning procedures attain accurate and credible predictions has been recently realized in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Elias Cueto , Francisco Chinesta

The statistical models used to derive the results of experimental analyses are of incredible scientific value and are essential information for analysis preservation and reuse. In this paper, we make the scientific case for systematically…

Radioactivity was discovered as a by-product of searching for elements with suitable chemical properties. Understanding its characteristics led to the development of nuclear physics, understanding that unstable configurations of nucleons…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-28 Roland Diehl

The recent progresses in Machine Learning opened the door to actual applications of learning algorithms but also to new research directions both in the field of Machine Learning directly and, at the edges with other disciplines. The case…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-07-17 Aurélien Decelle

In recent years, computing has become an important part of the way we teach and learn physics. Teachers, both at high school and college levels, now use computational activities in many of their courses. Physics departments are offering…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-08-31 Hannah C. Sabo , Tor Ole B. Odden , Marcos D. Caballero

Machine-learning techniques have become fundamental in high-energy physics and, for new physics searches, it is crucial to know their performance in terms of experimental sensitivity, understood as the statistical significance of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-11-10 Ernesto Arganda , Xabier Marcano , Víctor Martín Lozano , Anibal D. Medina , Andres D. Perez , Manuel Szewc , Alejandro Szynkman

Astrophysical observations of neutron stars probe the structure of dense nuclear matter and have the potential to reveal phase transitions at high densities. Most recent analyses are based on parametrized models of the equation of state…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-13 Reed Essick , Isaac Legred , Katerina Chatziioannou , Sophia Han , Philippe Landry

The modern physics course is a crucial gateway for physics majors, introducing concepts beyond the scope of K-12 education. Despite its significance, content varies widely among institutions. This study analyzes 167 modern physics syllabi…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-07-24 Alexis Buzzell , Ramón Barthelemy , Tim Atherton

The equations of motion of charged particles under the influence of short electromagnetic pulses are investigated. The subcycle regime is considered, and the delta function approximation is applied. The effects of the self force are also…

Optics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard T Hammond

This paper and its companion form an extended version of notes provided to participants in the Valencia September 2004 summer school on Data Analysis in Cosmology. The papers offer a pedagogical introduction to the problem of estimating the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Andrew J. S. Hamilton

A classroom activity for high school physics students is presented to explore the distinction between correlation and causation. Using data linking ice cream sales to drowning deaths, presented within a fictional news article, students…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-02-04 Alvaro Suarez , Marcelo Vachetta

These notes discuss, in a style intended for physicists, how to average data and fit it to some functional form. I try to make clear what is being calculated, what assumptions are being made, and to give a derivation of results rather than…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-10-28 Peter Young

Systematic observations of student gestures can not only fill in gaps in students' verbal expressions, but can also offer valuable information about student ideas, including their source, their novelty to the speaker, and their construction…

Physics Education · Physics 2009-11-13 Rachel E. Scherr