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Heisenberg's uncertainty principle provides a fundamental limitation on an observer's ability to simultaneously predict the outcome when one of two measurements is performed on a quantum system. However, if the observer has access to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-04 Robert Prevedel , Deny R. Hamel , Roger Colbeck , Kent Fisher , Kevin J. Resch

The celebrated Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle \Delta x \Delta p\ge \hbar/2 can allow measurement accuracies less than \Delta x or \Delta p. Classical analog of this is known as sub-Fourier sensitivity. We illustrate this phenomenon in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-09 Anwar Mohiuddin , Abhijeet K. Jha , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be sharply determined simultaneously. Standard-deviation and entropic formulations capture the spread of the probability distribution but say…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Jia-Yi Lin , Xin-Yu Li , Wei Wang , Shengjun Wu

Based on the recent construction of a self-adjoint momentum operator for a particle confined in a one-dimensional interval, we extend the construction to arbitrarily shaped regions in any number of dimensions. Different components of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-15 A. Mariani , U. -J. Wiese

From the noncommutative nature of quantum mechanics, estimation of canonical observables $\hat{q}$ and $\hat{p}$ is essentially restricted in its performance by the Heisenberg uncertainty relation, $\mean{\Delta \hat{q}^2}\mean{\Delta…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-09-24 Naoki Yamamoto , Shinji Hara

A sharper uncertainty inequality which exhibits a lower bound larger than that in the classical N-dimensional Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is obtained, and extended from N-dimensional Fourier transform domain to two N-dimensional…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-06-14 Zhichao Zhang

A prominent formulation of the uncertainty principle identifies the fundamental quantum feature that no particle may be prepared with certain outcomes for both position and momentum measurements. Often the statistical uncertainties are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-08 Fabian Furrer , Mario Berta , Marco Tomamichel , Volkher B. Scholz , Matthias Christandl

An effective formalism is developed to handle decaying two-state systems. Herewith, observables of such systems can be described by a single operator in the Heisenberg picture. This allows for using the usual framework in quantum…

In this note, we consider the implications of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) when computing uncertainties that affect the main dynamical quantities, from the perspective of special relativity. Using the well-known formula for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-19 Luca Nanni

In this study, we explore the validity of the original Heisenberg position- momentum uncertainty relation for a macroscopic harmonic oscillator interacting with environmental micro particles. Our results show that, in the quasi-classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-02 Hamid Reza Naeij , Afshin Shafiee

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (HUP) limits the accuracy in the simultaneous measurements of the position and momentum variables of any quantum system. This is known to be true in the context of non-relativistic quantum mechanics.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-25 Jaume Giné , Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano

Relaxing the postulates of an axiomatic theory is a natural way to find more general theories, and historically, the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry is a famous example of this procedure. Here, we use this way to extend quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 MohammadJavad Kazemi , Ghadir Jafari

For a particle in a box, the operator $-i\partial_x$ is not self-adjoint and thus does not qualify as the physical momentum. As a result, in general the Ehrenfest theorem is violated. Based upon a recently developed new concept for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-26 I. Albrecht , J. Herrmann , A. Mariani , U. -J. Wiese , V. Wyss

Analyzing Heisenberg--Robertson (HR) and Schr\"{o}dinger uncertainty relations we found, that there can exist a large set of states of the quantum system under considerations, for which the lower bound of the product of the standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Krzysztof Urbanowski

The position-momentum uncertainty-like inequality based on moments of arbitrary order for d-dimensional quantum systems, which is a generalization of the celebrated Heisenberg formulation of the uncertainty principle, is improved here by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-30 Steeve Zozor , Mariela Portesi , Pablo Sanchez-Moreno , Jesus S. Dehesa

The uncertainty principle, originally formulated by Heisenberg, dramatically illustrates the difference between classical and quantum mechanics. The principle bounds the uncertainties about the outcomes of two incompatible measurements,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-02 Mario Berta , Matthias Christandl , Roger Colbeck , Joseph M. Renes , Renato Renner

As a foundation of modern physics, uncertainty relations describe an ultimate limit for the measurement uncertainty of incompatible observables. Traditionally, uncertain relations are formulated by mathematical bounds for a specific state.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-18 Jie Xie , Songtao Huang , Li Zhou , Aonan Zhang , Huichao Xu , Man-Hong Yung , Nengkun Yu , Lijian Zhang

A generalized uncertainty relation for an entangled pair of particles is obtained if we impose a symmetrization rule for all operators that we should use when doing any calculation using the entangled wave function of the pair. This new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-25 G. Rigolin

In this article we examine a Generalized Uncertainty Principle which differs from the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle by terms linear and quadratic in particle momenta, as proposed by the authors in an earlier paper. We show that this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-21 Ahmed Farag Ali , Saurya Das , Elias C. Vagenas

Heisenberg showed in the early days of quantum theory that the uncertainty principle follows as a direct consequence of the quantization of electromagnetic radiation in the form of photons. As we show here the gravitational interaction of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Ronald J. Adler , David I. Santiago