Related papers: A canonical form for nonderogatory matrices under …
We present canonical forms for all indecomposable pairs $(A,B)$ of commuting nilpotent matrices over an arbitrary field under simultaneous similarity, where $A$ is the direct sum of two Jordan blocks with distinct sizes. We also provide the…
We give a canonical form for a complex matrix, whose square is normal, under transformations of unitary similarity as well as a canonical form for a real matrix, whose square is normal, under transformations of orthogonal similarity.
Canonical matrices are given for (a) bilinear forms over an algebraically closed or real closed field; (b) sesquilinear forms over an algebraically closed field and over real quaternions with any nonidentity involution; and (c) sesquilinear…
This paper is dedicated to the problem of verification of matrices for unitary similarity. For the case of nonderogatory matrices, we have been able to present the new solution for this problem based on geometric approach. The main…
We use methods of the general theory of congruence and *congruence for complex matrices--regularization and cosquares-to determine a unitary congruence canonical form (respectively, a unitary *congruence canonical form) for complex matrices…
Tridiagonal canonical forms of square matrices under congruence or *congruence, pairs of symmetric or skew-symmetric matrices under congruence, and pairs of Hermitian matrices under *congruence are given over an algebraically closed field…
We consider graphs for which the non-backtracking matrix has defective eigenvalues, or graphs for which the matrix does not have a full set of eigenvectors. The existence of these values results in Jordan blocks of size greater than one,…
A proof of the Jordan canonical form, suitable for a first course in linear algebra, is given. The proof includes the uniqueness of the number and sizes of the Jordan blocks.
Canonical matrices of (a) bilinear and sesquilinear forms, (b) pairs of forms, in which every form is symmetric or skew-symmetric, and (c) pairs of Hermitian forms are given over finite fields of characteristic not 2 and over finite…
We give an algorithm that uses only unitary transformations and for each square complex matrix constructs a *congruent matrix that is a direct sum of a nonsingular matrix and singular Jordan blocks.
Dual complex matrices have found applications in brain science. There are two different definitions of the dual complex number multiplication. One is noncommutative. Another is commutative. In this paper, we use the commutative definition.…
We obtain the generic real Jordan canonical forms for $n\times n$ matrices with real entries. More precisely, we prove that the set of $n\times n$ real matrices is the union of the closures of $\lfloor n/2\rfloor+1$ sets, which are called…
Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p \ge 0. We shall consider the problem of finding out a Jordan canonical form of J(\alpha,s) \otimes_{k} J(\beta,t), where J(\alpha,s) means the Jordan block with eigenvalue \alpha…
An observable canonical form is formulated for the set of rational systems on a variety each of which is a single-input-single-output, affine in the input, and a minimal realization of its response map. The equivalence relation for the…
We present matrix identities which yield respectively the Jordan canonical form of the Pascal matrix P_n = (i -1 choose j -1)_{1 <= i,j <= n} modulo a prime, the eigenvectors of (i choose j)_{1 <= i,j <= n}, and the Smith normal form of…
Let $B$ be some invertible Hermitian or skew-Hermitian matrix. A matrix $A$ is called $B$-normal if $AA^\star = A^\star A$ holds for $A$ and its adjoint matrix $A^\star := B^{-1}A^HB$. In addition, a matrix $Q$ is called $B$-unitary, if…
We review known factorization results in quaternion matrices. Specifically, we derive the Jordan canonical form, polar decomposition, singular value decomposition, the QR factorization. We prove there is a Schur factorization for commuting…
We develop several methods, based on the geometric relationship between the eigenspaces of a matrix and its adjoint, for determining whether a square matrix having distinct eigenvalues is unitarily equivalent to a complex symmetric matrix.…
The dimensions of sets of matrices of various types, with specified eigenvalue multiplicities, are determined. The dimensions of the sets of matrices with given Jordan form and with given singular value multiplicities are also found. Each…
First, we prove that the set of $n\times n$ complex matrices is the closure of a certain open subset whose elements have a very specific canonical form under congruence, which is uniquely determined up to the values of some parameters, but…