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Three different inferential problems related to a two dimensional categorical data from a Bayesian perspective have been discussed in this article. Conjugate prior distribution with symmetric and asymmetric hyper parameters are considered.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-05 Samyajoy Pal , Christian Heumann , M. Subbiah

Posterior distributions on parameters computed from experimental data using Bayesian techniques are only as accurate as the models used to construct them. In many applications these models are incomplete, which both reduces the prospects of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-23 Christopher J. Moore , Jonathan R. Gair

Identification of local structure in intensive data -- such as time series, images, and higher dimensional processes -- is an important problem in astronomy. Since the data are typically generated by an inhomogeneous Poisson process, an…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Jeffrey D. Scargle

I introduce a general, Bayesian method for modelling univariate time series data assumed to be drawn from a continuous, stochastic process. The method accommodates arbitrary temporal sampling, and takes into account measurement…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-24 C. A. L. Bailer-Jones

The field of astronomy is experiencing a data explosion driven by significant advances in observational instrumentation, and classical methods often fall short of addressing the complexity of modern astronomical datasets. Probabilistic…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-26 Abigail Sheerin , Giuseppe Vinci

I discuss the effects of measurement error on regression and density estimation. I review the statistical methods that have been developed to correct for measurement error that are most popular in astronomical data analysis, discussing…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-09 Brandon C. Kelly

Modern astronomy increasingly relies upon systematic surveys, whose dedicated telescopes continuously observe the sky across varied wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum; some surveys also observe non-electromagnetic…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-14 Tamas Budavari , Thomas J. Loredo

We construct a "hyperparameter matrix" statistical method for performing the joint analyses of multiple correlated astronomical data sets, in which the weights of data sets are determined by their own statistical properties. This method is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-20 Yin-Zhe Ma , Aaron Berndsen

Frequentist statistical methods, such as hypothesis testing, are standard practice in papers that provide benchmark comparisons. Unfortunately, these methods have often been misused, e.g., without testing for their statistical test…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-18 David Issa Mattos , Jan Bosch , Helena Holmström Olsson

In high-dimensional Bayesian statistics, various methods have been developed, including prior distributions that induce parameter sparsity to handle many parameters. Yet, these approaches often overlook the rich spectral structure of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Tomoya Wakayama , Masaaki Imaizumi

Models with dimension more than the available sample size are now commonly used in various applications. A sensible inference is possible using a lower-dimensional structure. In regression problems with a large number of predictors, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Sayantan Banerjee , Ismaël Castillo , Subhashis Ghosal

We present a Bayesian algorithm to combine optical imaging of unresolved objects from distinct epochs and observation platforms for orbit determination and tracking. By propagating the non-Gaussian uncertainties we are able to optimally…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-26 Michael D. Schneider , William A. Dawson

Measures of discordance between datasets have become an essential part of cosmological analyses. It is important to accurately evaluate the significance of such discordances when present. We propose here a Bayesian interpretation of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Weikang Lin , Mustapha Ishak

Stochastic kinetic models are often used to describe complex biological processes. Typically these models are analytically intractable and have unknown parameters which need to be estimated from observed data. Ideally we would have…

Computation · Statistics 2018-03-13 Richard J. Boys , Holly F. Ainsworth , Colin S. Gillespie

Analyzes of next-generation galaxy data require accurate treatment of systematic effects such as the bias between observed galaxies and the underlying matter density field. However, proposed models of the phenomenon are either numerically…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-28 Guilhem Lavaux , Jens Jasche

In ecology, the description of species composition and biodiversity calls for statistical methods that involve estimating features of interest in unobserved samples based on an observed one. In the last decade, the Bayesian nonparametrics…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-28 Alessandro Colombi , Raffaele Argiento , Federico Camerlenghi , Lucia Paci

Astronomical data generally consists of 2 or more high-resolution axes, e.g., X,Y position on the sky or wavelength and position-along-one-axis (long-slit spectrometer). Analyzing these multi-dimension observations requires combining 3D…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-02-11 Daniel Dewey , Michael S. Noble

Mathematical models connect theory with the real world through data, enabling us to interpret, understand, and predict complex phenomena. However, scientific knowledge often extends beyond what can be empirically measured, offering valuable…

There has been a surge in the interest of using machine learning techniques to assist in the scientific process of formulating knowledge to explain observational data. We demonstrate the use of Bayesian Hidden Physics Models to first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Steven Atkinson , Yiming Zhang , Liping Wang

In these lectures I cover a number of topics in cosmological data analysis. I concentrate on general techniques which are common in cosmology, or techniques which have been developed in a cosmological context. In fact they have very general…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-06-08 Alan Heavens