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In this article we give an overview of the developments in the field of spectral classification and its continued importance in the fields of stellar and galactic evolution. The extension of MK system to cool stars as well as refined…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-09 Sunetra Giridhar

Theoretical stellar spectra rely on model stellar atmospheres computed based on our understanding of the physical laws at play in the stellar interiors. These models, coupled with atomic and molecular line databases, are used to generate…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-01 Kaushal Sharma , Harinder P. Singh , Ranjan Gupta , Ajit Kembhavi , Kaustubh Vaghmare , Jianrong Shi , Yongheng Zhao , Jiannan Zhang , Yue Wu

Stellar spectra contain a large amount of information about the conditions in stellar atmospheres. However, extracting this information is challenging and demands comprehensive numerical modelling. Here, we present stellar spectra…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-07 N. Kostogryz , A. I Shapiro , V. Witzke , D. Grant , H. R. Wakeford , K. B. Stevenson , S. K. Solanki , L. Gizon

Due to the ever-expanding volume of observed spectroscopic data from surveys such as SDSS and LAMOST, it has become important to apply artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for analysing stellar spectra to solve spectral classification…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Kaushal Sharma , Ajit Kembhavi , Aniruddha Kembhavi , T. Sivarani , Sheelu Abraham , Kaustubh Vaghmare

Stellar spectra encode key information on the physical properties and chemical compositions of stars. Accurate stellar parameter determination is essential for addressing major questions such as galaxy and stellar evolution. Large-scale…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 Hai-Ling Lu , Yu-Yang Li , Yin-Bi Li , Cun-Shi Wang , A-Li Luo , Jun-Chao Liang , Shuo Li

The growth of sky surveys and the large amount of stellar spectra in the current databases, has generated the necessity of developing new methods to estimate atmospheric parameters, a fundamental task on stellar research. In this work we…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-27 Miguel Flores R. , Luis J. Corral , Celia R. Fierro-Santillán

Beginning with a historical account of the spectral classification, its refinement through additional criteria is presented. The line strengths and ratios used in two dimensional classifications of each spectral class are described. A…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Sunetra Giridhar

Libraries of stellar spectra are fundamental tools in the study of stellar populations and in automatic determination of atmospheric parameters for large samples of observed stars. In the context of the present volume, here I give an…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-08 Paula Coelho

We investigate the use of dimensionality reduction techniques for the classification of stellar spectra selected from the SDSS. Using local linear embedding (LLE), a technique that preserves the local (and possibly non-linear) structure…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-16 Scott F. Daniel , Andrew J. Connolly , Jeff Schneider , Jake Vanderplas , Liang Xiong

The integrated spectra of stellar systems contain a wealth of information, and its analysis can reveal fundamental parameters such as metallicity, age and star formation history. Widely used methods to analyze these spectra are based on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-04 Lucimara P. Martins , Círia Lima-Dias , Paula R. T. Coelho , Tatiana F. Laganá

Models of stellar spectra are necessary for interpreting light from individual stars, planets, integrated stellar populations, nebulae, and the interstellar medium. We provide a comprehensive and homogeneous collection of synthetic spectra…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-10 Carlos Allende Prieto , Lars Koesterke , Ivan Hubeny , Manuel A. Bautista , Paul S. Barklem , Sultana N. Nahar

Information on the spectral types of stars is of great interest in view of the exploitation of space-based imaging surveys. In this article, we investigate the classification of stars into spectral types using only the shape of their…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-15 T. Kuntzer , M. Tewes , F. Courbin

Stellar spectroscopic classification has been successfully automated by a number of groups. Automated classification and parameterization work best when applied to a homogeneous data set, and thus these techniques primarily have been…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ted von Hippel , Carlos Allende Prieto , Chris Sneden

Scientific literature in astronomy is rapidly expanding, making it increasingly important to automate the extraction of key entities and contextual information from research papers. In this paper, we present an encoder-based system for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Shivam Rawat , Lucie Flek , Akbar Karimi

We present the pulsar_spectra software repository, an open-source pulsar flux density catalogue and automated spectral fitting software that finds the best spectral model and produces publication-quality plots. The Python-based software…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-09 N. A. Swainston , C. P. Lee , S. J. McSweeney , N. D. R. Bhat

Analyses of stellar spectra often begin with the determination of a number of parameters that define a model atmosphere. This work presents a prototype for an automated spectral classification system that uses a 15 nm-wide region around…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 C. Allende Prieto

Spectral evolution models are a widely used tool for determining the stellar content of galaxies. I provide a review of the latest developments in stellar atmosphere and evolution models, with an emphasis on massive stars. In contrast to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Claus Leitherer

The proper scientific analysis of a large amount of stellar spectra requires certain capabilities of the analysing tool (e.g. precise semi-automatic fitting for normalisation of the continuum or line-list assisted measurement of spectral…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-14 Petr Škoda

Spectral classification is the division of stars into classes based on their spectral characteristics. Different classification systems have existed since the 19th century but the term is used nowadays mostly to refer to the Morgan-Keenan…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-21 J. Maíz Apellániz , I. Negueruela , J. A. Caballero

We present a data model describing the structure of spectrophotometric datasets with spectral and temporal coordinates and associated metadata. This data model may be used to represent spectra, time series data, segments of SED (Spectral…

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