Related papers: New attempts to understand nanodiamond stardust

We discuss results of an exploratory non-LTE analysis of two metal-rich A-type supergiants in M31. Using comprehensive model atoms we derive accurate atmospheric parameters from multiple indicators and show that non-LTE effects on the…

We present a chemical composition analysis of 36 giants in the nearby mildy metal-poor (<[Fe/H]> = -1.18) "CN-bimodal" globular cluster M4. Confronted with a cluster that has large and variable interstellar extinction across the cluster…

The recently discovered phosphorus-rich stars pose a challenge to stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis theory, as none of the existing models can explain their extremely peculiar chemical abundances pattern. Apart from the large phosphorus…

The dispersion and mean trends of r-process abundances in metal-poor stars are discussed based on a model of diverse supernova sources for the r-process. This model is unique in that its key parameters are inferred from solar system data…

We report abundance analyses of three extremely metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] $\lesssim -3$, using the Subaru High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS). All are found to have sub-solar values of [Eu/Fe]. Comparison with our chemical evolution model…

We examine the r-process in the neutrino-driven proto-neutron-star (PNS) wind of core-collapse supernovae in light of the recent findings of massive neutron stars in binaries as well as of an indication of neutron-richness in the PNS ejecta…

Abundance observations indicate the presence of rapid-neutron capture (i.e., r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. Recent observations of the r-process-enriched star BD +17 3248 include new abundance…

The detected Na/Mg ratio in a sample of 17 Na-enhanced and Na-rich meteors is investigated based on obtained spectral, orbital and structural data. We utilize the meteor observations of the AMOS network obtained within a survey of…

Nanodiamonds containing color centers open up many applications in quantum information processing, metrology, and quantum sensing. In particular, silicon vacancy (SiV) centers are prominent candidates as quantum emitters due to their…

The Galactic Center and inner disk of the Milky Way contain complex stellar populations obscured by heavy dust extinction. To study their chemical composition, high-resolution near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopy is necessary. Expanding the…

Aims. The aim of this work is to compare the detailed chemical composition of the field N-rich dwarf stars to the second generation stars of globular clusters (GC) in order to investigate the hypothesis that they originated in GCs. Methods.…

Understanding the abundance pattern of metal-poor stars and the production of heavy elements through various nucleosynthesis processes offers crucial insights into the chemical evolution of the Milky Way, revealing primary sites and major…

Nano-diamonds have been observed in only a handful of circumstellar regions $10-100$\,\tiny{ A.U.} from moderately bright stars ($T_{\rm eff} \sim 8,000-10,000$\,K). They have also been extracted from primitive meteorites; some of these are…

The existence of a secondary (in addition to compact object mergers) source of heavy element ($r$-process) nucleosynthesis, the core-collapse of rapidly-rotating and highly-magnetized massive stars, has been suggested by both simulations…

An overview of the sources for heavy elements in the early Galaxy is given. It is shown that observations of abundances in metal-poor stars can be used along with a basic understanding of stellar models to guide the search for the source of…

We review recent observational studies of heavy element abundances in low metallicity stars and explore some implications of these results for nucleosynthesis and early Galactic chemical evolution.

We present the first release of a large-scale study of relatively bright (V < 13.5) metal-poor stars observed with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), based on high-resolution spectra of 50 stars with a resolving power of R ~…

Elements heavier than the iron group are found in nearly all halo stars. A substantial number of these elements, key to understanding neutron-capture nucleosynthesis mechanisms, can only be detected in the near-ultraviolet. We report the…

Nanodiamonds containing nitrogen vacancy (NV-) centers show promise for a number of emerging applications including targeted in vivo imaging and generating nuclear spin hyperpolarization for enhanced NMR spectroscopy and imaging. Here, we…

The kilonova emission observed following the binary neutron star merger event GW170817 provided the first direct evidence for the synthesis of heavy nuclei through the r-process. The late-time transition in the spectral energy distribution…