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Reflectometry is a technique that uses the light reflected by a sample to determine properties of the sample. Interferometric reflectometry uses interference between two beams, one of which is incident on ---and reflected back by--- a…
We introduce a novel reflection-mode diffraction tomography technique that enables simultaneous recovery of forward and backward scattering information for high-resolution 3D refractive index reconstruction. Our technique works by imaging a…
Future NASA X-ray Observatories will shed light on a variety of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. Off-plane reflection gratings can be used to provide high throughput and spectral resolution in the 0.3--1.5 keV band, allowing for…
Motivated by non-destructive testing of optical fiber, we consider the problem of determining the index of refraction of a two-dimensional medium from magnitude of the total field resulting from known incident plane waves at a fixed…
A common problem in the sciences is that a signal of interest is observed only indirectly, through smooth functionals of the signal whose values are then obscured by noise. In such inverse problems, the functionals dampen or entirely…
A critical review of experimental studies of the so-called 'slow light' arising due to anomalously high steepness of the refractive index dispersion under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency or coherent population…
The original carpet cloak [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 203901 (2008)] was designed by a numerical method, the quasi-conformal mapping. Therefore its refractive index profile was obtained numerically. In this letter, we propose a new carpet cloak…
We present a robust, precise, and accurate method to simultaneously measure the refractive indices of two transparent materials within an interference coating. This is achieved by measuring both a photometrically accurate transmittance…
Refraction is a common physical phenomenon and has long been researched in computer vision. Objects imaged through a refractive object appear distorted in the image as a function of the shape of the interface between the media. This hinders…
Refractive index is a fundamental optical property of powder and a key input to the measurement of the size distribution using light scattering and the measurement of the absorption and scattering coefficients using diffuse reflectance…
Non-contact measurement of the refractive index and thickness of multilayer biological tissues is of great significance for biomedical applications and can greatly improve medical diagnosis and treatment. In this work, we introduce a…
Pixel size in cameras and other refractive imaging devices is typically limited by the free-space diffraction. However, a vast majority of semiconductor-based detectors are based on materials with substantially high refractive index. We…
Interfaces between media with negative relative refractive index generically support propagating electromagnetic surface polariton modes with large wavenumber. The relation of these modes to a recent prediction by Pendry of ``perfect (real)…
A general theory of frames of reference proposed in a preceding publication is considered here in the framework of the post-Newtonian approximation, assuming that the frame of reference is centered on a time-like geodesic. The problem of…
In the past decade, several neutron reflectometry methods for determining the modulus and phase of the complex reflection coefficient of an unknown multilayer thin film have been worked out among which the method of variation of…
The problem of imaging for a nearly-perfect lens, namely, a slab of a left-handed material with refractive index n = -(1-sigma)^1/2 is solved analytically for |sigma| << 1. The electromagnetic field behavior is determined largely by…
We have numerically computed the reflectivity of X-ray incident normally onto Fibonacci multilayers, and compared the results with those obtained in periodic approximant multilayers. The constituent layers are of low and high refractive…
Investigations on diverse particulate matter can be carried out by non-invasive and non-destructive analytical means of light scattering technique. Exploration of small particles using this tool must address the concept of refractive index…
Numerous vector angular spectrum methods have been presented to model the vectorial nature of diffractive electromagnetic field, facilitating optical field engineering in polarization-related and high numerical aperture systems. However,…
It is a matter of common knowledge that the field of gravitation influences the propagation of light, but the question to which extent electromagnetic fields do something similar is not completely answered. The birefringence caused by…