Related papers: The isotope effect: Prediction, discussion, and di…
This article reviews from one point of view the current status of the manifestations of isotope effect in a nuclear, atomic and molecular as well as solid state physics. Although these manifestations vary, they have one common feature -…
Just as the chemical elements from hydrogen (Z = 1) to oganesson (Z = 118) once were discovered, so were the numerous isotopes. The histories of how the isotopes were discovered are less well known, but in a few cases they are as…
The atomic model that Niels Bohr suggested in 1913 celebrated its greatest victories in connection with one-electron atoms. Among them were the isotopic spectral effect and what became known as Rydberg atoms, insights that were fully…
In 1907, Einstein suggested an experiment with flying atoms for corroborating time dilation. In that paper, the flying atom was conceived as a flying clock: the reference to the Doppler effect was only indirect (the experiments by Stark to…
The isotope effects in x-ray absorption spectra of liquid water are studied by a many-body approach within electron-hole excitation theory. The molecular structures of both light and heavy water are modeled by path-integral molecular…
This paper traces the early history of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. It appears to have been `discovered' at least three times to my knowledge before the defining paper of Aharonov and Bohm appeared in 1959. The first hint of the effect appears…
Herbert Fr\"ohlich is generally credited with having predicted the fundamental role of electron-phonon interactions in superconductivity in 1950, and in particular the isotope effect, without any experimental input. Here we examine the…
How are the heavy elements formed? This has been a key open question in physics for decades. Recent direct detections of neutron star mergers and observations of evolved stars show signatures of chemical elements in the blue range of their…
Atomic electrons are sensitive to the properties of the nucleus they are bound to, such as nuclear mass, charge distribution, spin, magnetization distribution, or even excited level scheme. These nuclear parameters are reflected in the…
A complete history of early atomic models would fill volumes, but a reasonably coherent tale of the path from mechanical atoms to the quantum can be told by focusing on the relevant work of three great contributors to atomic physics, in the…
The discovery of atomic nucleus by E. Rutherford, at the beginning of the twentieth century, was the Nuclear Physics original landmark. From then, a series of experiments in which beams of particles composed of neutrons, protons and others,…
The idea of atoms is old but X-rays provided the first probe into the physical atom. Photographs of X-ray scattering from crystals -Laue spots- were the first visual proof for the physical existence of atoms arranged in a perfect geometric…
Possibility of observing the Mott momentum in the distribution of the deuterons produced in the process $p + n \to d + \gamma$, in the first stage of a nuclear reaction is presented. The correlation of a hard photon with a deuteron allows…
Background: Atomic spectral lines from different isotopes display a small shift in energy, commonly referred to as the line isotope shift. One of the components of the isotope shift is the field shift, which depends on the extent and the…
The determination of the nuclear spectral function from the measured cross section of the electron-nucleus scattering process $e + A \to e^\prime + p + (A-1)$is discussed, and illustrated for the case of a carbon target. The theoretical…
We study the isotope effect on the temperature of the proton order/disorder phase transition between ice XI and ice Ih, using the quasiharmonic approximation combined with \textit{ab initio} density functional theory calculations. We show…
Since the discovery in 1932, neutrons became a basis of many methods used not only in research, but also in industry and engineering. Among others, the exceptional role in the modern nuclear engineering is played by the neutron activation…
Isotopic substitution in molecular systems can affect fundamental molecular properties including the energy position and spacing of electronic, vibrational and rotational levels, thus modifying the dynamics associated to their coherent…
Superconductors have often been described as `giant atoms'. The simplest description of atoms that heralded their quantum understanding was proposed by Bohr in 1913. The Bohr atom starts from some simple assumptions and deduces that the…
We consider theoretically the energy loss of electrons scattered to high angles when assuming that the primary beam can be limited to a single atom. We discuss the possibility of identifying the isotopes of light elements and of extracting…