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Whether singularities can form in fluids remains a foundational unanswered question in mathematics. This phenomenon occurs when solutions to governing equations, such as the 3D Euler equations, develop infinite gradients from smooth initial…

In this paper we study the well-posedness in Sobolev spaces of the incompressible Euler equations in an infinite strip delimited from below by a non-flat bottom and from above by a free-surface. We allow the presence of vorticity and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Théo Fradin

We establish the existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions with large vorticity and weak solutions with vortex sheets/entropy waves for the steady Euler equations for both compressible and incompressible fluids in arbitrary infinitely…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-02-19 Gui-Qiang G. Chen , Fei-Min Huang , Tian-Yi Wang , Wei Xiang

We prove finite-time vorticity blowup for smooth solutions of the 2D compressible Euler equations with smooth, localized, and non-vacuous initial data. The vorticity blowup occurs at the time of the first singularity, and is accompanied by…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-07-10 Jiajie Chen , Giorgio Cialdea , Steve Shkoller , Vlad Vicol

We consider initial-boundary problems for general linear first-order strictly hyperbolic systems with local or nonlocal nonlinear boundary conditions. While boundary data are supposed to be smooth, initial conditions can contain…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Irina Kmit

In this paper for either the sharp front Surface Quasi-Geostrophic equation or the Muskat problem we rule out the "splash singularity" blow-up scenario; in other words we prove that the contours evolving from either of these systems can not…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-02-22 Francisco Gancedo , Robert M. Strain

This paper shows finite time singularity formation for the Muskat problem in a stable regime. The framework we found is with a dry region, where the density and the viscosity are set equal to $0$ (the gradient of the pressure is equal to…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-02-10 Angel Castro , Diego Cordoba , Charles Fefferman , Francisco Gancedo

In this paper we study a 2D Oldroyd free-boundary model which describes the evolution of a viscoelastic fluid. We prove existence of splash singularities, namely points where the boundary remains smooth but self-intersects. This paper…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-01-08 Elena Di Iorio , Pierangelo Marcati , Stefano Spirito

We consider a system of two incompressible fluids separated by a free interface. The first fluid is inviscid, governed by the Euler system, while the second fluid has positive viscosity and is governed by the Navier-Stokes system. We…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-10-01 Aynur Bulut

Presented are two results on the formation of finite time singularities of solutions to the compressible Euler equations in two and three space dimensions for isentropic, polytropic, ideal fluid flows. The initial velocity is assumed to be…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-03-23 Zhen Lei , Yi Du , Qingtian Zhang

We find a smooth solution of the 2D Euler equation on a bounded domain which exists and is unique in a natural class locally in time, but blows up in finite time in the sense of its vorticity losing continuity. The domain's boundary is…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-06-17 Alexander Kiselev , Andrej Zlatos

To date it has not been possible to prove whether or not the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations develop singular behaviour in finite time. Some possible singular scenarios, as for instance shock-waves, are very important from…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-11 Carlos Escudero

In this paper we prove that for a certain class of initial data, smooth solutions of the hydrostatic Euler equations blow up in finite time.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-11-08 Tak Kwong Wong

In this paper we study the motion of an internal water wave and an internal wave in a porous medium. For these problems we establish that, if the free boundary and, in the case of the Euler equations, also the tangential velocity at the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-05-10 Zhiyuan Geng , Rafael Granero-Belinchón

The Cauchy problem for the two-dimensional incompressible Euler equation is globally well-posed for smooth initial data. In this paper, we show that for a dense $G_\delta$ set of initial data, the solutions lose regularity in infinite time,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-16 Thomas Alazard , Ayman Rimah Said

We establish the existence of smooth, finite-energy solutions to the 2D incompressible porous media equation (IPM), with a compactly supported uniformly smooth source, which develop singularities in finite time.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Diego Córdoba , Luis Martínez-Zoroa

We consider the isentropic Euler equations of gas dynamics in the whole two-dimensional space and we prove the existence of a $C^\infty$ initial datum which admits infinitely many bounded admissible weak solutions. Taking advantage of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-03-26 Elisabetta Chiodaroli , Ondřej Kreml , Václav Mácha , Sebastian Schwarzacher

It is well-known that shock will form in finite time for hyperbolic conservation laws from initial nonlinear compression no matter how small and smooth the data are. Classical results, including Lax [14], Liu [22], Li-Zhou-Kong [16],…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-11-16 Geng Chen , Ronghua Pan , Shengguo Zhu

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the incompressible Euler equation in a time-dependent fluid domain, whose interface evolution is governed by the law of linear elasticity. Our main result asserts that the Cauchy problem is globally…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Thomas Alazard , Chengyang Shao , Haocheng Yang

In this paper, we study the 2D free boundary incompressible Euler equations with surface tension, where the fluid domain is periodic in $x_1$, and has finite depth. We construct initial data with a flat free boundary and arbitrarily small…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-07-09 Zhongtian Hu , Chenyun Luo , Yao Yao