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Related papers: Small Private Circuits

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We present a classical algorithm that, for any $D$-dimensional geometrically-local, quantum circuit $C$ of polylogarithmic-depth, and any bit string $x \in {0,1}^n$, can compute the quantity $|<x|C|0^{\otimes n}>|^2$ to within any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-18 Suchetan Dontha , Shi Jie Samuel Tan , Stephen Smith , Sangheon Choi , Matthew Coudron

We investigate the problem of secure message transmission in the presence of a "fully generalised" adversary, who disrupts and listens to separate sets of communication wires. We extend previous results by considering the case when these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-12-15 Chris Dowden

We give upper and lower bounds on the power of subsystems of the Ideal Proof System (IPS), the algebraic proof system recently proposed by Grochow and Pitassi, where the circuits comprising the proof come from various restricted algebraic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Michael A. Forbes , Amir Shpilka , Iddo Tzameret , Avi Wigderson

Information-theoretic secrecy, in particular the wiretap channel formulation, provides protection against interception of a message by adversary Eve and has been widely studied in the last two decades. In contrast, covert communications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Moslem Forouzesh , Paeiz Azmi , Nader Mokari , Kai Kit Wong , Dennis Goeckel

Hardware IP protection has been one of the most critical areas of research in the past years. Recently, attacks on hardware IPs (such as reverse engineering or cloning) have evolved as attackers have developed sophisticated techniques.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Abdulrahman Alaql , Swarup Bhunia

In privacy amplification, two mutually trusted parties aim to amplify the secrecy of an initial shared secret $X$ in order to establish a shared private key $K$ by exchanging messages over an insecure communication channel. If the channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-16 Divesh Aggarwal , Kai-Min Chung , Han-Hsuan Lin , Thomas Vidick

Language models (LMs) may memorize personally identifiable information (PII) from training data, enabling adversaries to extract it during inference. Existing defense mechanisms such as differential privacy (DP) reduce this leakage, but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Anthony Hughes , Vasisht Duddu , N. Asokan , Nikolaos Aletras , Ning Ma

There is increasing interest in the development of gate-based quantum circuits for the training of machine learning models. Yet, little is understood concerning the parameters of circuit design, and the effects of noise and other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Patrick Selig , Niall Murphy , Ashwin Sundareswaran R , David Redmond , Simon Caton

Quantum circuits constitute Intellectual Property (IP) of the quantum developers and users, which needs to be protected from theft by adversarial agents, e.g., the quantum cloud provider or a rogue adversary present in the cloud. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Rupshali Roy , Swaroop Ghosh

Existing quantum systems provide very limited physical qubit counts, trying to execute a quantum algorithm/circuit on them that have a higher number of logical qubits than physically available lead to a compile-time error. Given that it is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Movahhed Sadeghi , Soheil Khadirsharbiyani , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir

We consider the problem of privacy in direct communications, showing how quantum mechanics can be useful to guarantee a certain level of confidentiality. In particular, we review a continuous variable approach recently proposed by us [S.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-05 Stefano Pirandola , Samuel L. Braunstein , Seth Lloyd , Stefano Mancini

The Boolean circuit simplification problem involves finding a smaller circuit that computes the same function as a given Boolean circuit. This problem is closely related to several key areas with both theoretical and practical applications,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Daniil Averkov , Gregory Emdin , Viktoriia Krivogornitsyna , Alexander S. Kulikov , Fedor Kurmazov , Alexander Smal , Vsevolod Vaskin

This paper presents a secure wire-line telephone system that employs physical layer security (PLS) to protect against wiretapping. The system generates artificial noise (AN) in both transmission directions and uses a telephone hybrid…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Lifeng Lin , Zijian Zhou , Peihe Jiang , Sanjun Liu , Lai Wei , Bingli Jiao

Finite fields of the form GF(2^m) play an important role in coding theory and cryptography. We show that the choice of how to represent the elements of these fields can have a significant impact on the resource requirements for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-05 Brittanney Amento , Martin Roetteler , Rainer Steinwandt

As the quantum research community expands and new quantum algorithms are created and implemented, it is essential to consider the security implications and potential threats that could lead to the compromise the information processed by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Yizhuo Tan , Hrvoje Kukina , Jakub Szefer

This paper uses Euclidean Information Theory (EIT) to analyze the wiretap channel. We investigate a scenario of efficiently transmitting a small amount of information subject to compression rate and secrecy constraints. We transform the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Emmanouil M. Athanasakos , Nicholas Kalouptsidis , Hariprasad Manjunath

As quantum computers become available through multi-tenant cloud platforms, ensuring privacy against adversaries sharing the same quantum processing unit becomes critical. We introduce and explore \emph{covert quantum computing}, a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Evan J. D. Anderson , Kaushik Datta , Boulat A. Bash

We show that if we can design poly($s$)-time hitting-sets for $\Sigma\wedge^a\Sigma\Pi^{O(\log s)}$ circuits of size $s$, where $a=\omega(1)$ is arbitrarily small and the number of variables, or arity $n$, is $O(\log s)$, then we can…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-02-24 Manindra Agrawal , Michael Forbes , Sumanta Ghosh , Nitin Saxena

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices fail to produce outputs with sufficient fidelity for deep circuits with many gates today. Such devices suffer from read-out, multi-qubit gate and crosstalk noise combined with short…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-15 Ellis Wilson , Frank Mueller , Lindsay Bassman , Constin Iancu

The existence of pseudorandom unitaries (PRUs) -- efficient quantum circuits that are computationally indistinguishable from Haar-random unitaries -- has been a central open question, with significant implications for cryptography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-22 Fermi Ma , Hsin-Yuan Huang