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Present-day, noisy, small or intermediate-scale quantum processors---although far from fault-tolerant---support the execution of heuristic quantum algorithms, which might enable a quantum advantage, for example, when applied to…

Several combinatorial optimization problems can be solved with NISQ devices once that a corresponding quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form is derived. The aim of this work is to drastically reduce the variables needed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Dario De Santis , Salvatore Tirone , Stefano Marmi , Vittorio Giovannetti

It is pointed out that separability problem for arbitrary multi-partite states can be fully solved by a finite size, elementary recursive algorithm. In the worse case scenario, the underlying numerical procedure, may grow doubly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Piotr Badziag , Pawel Horodecki , Ryszard Horodecki

A pivotal task for quantum computing is to speed up solving problems that are both classically intractable and practically valuable. Among these, combinatorial optimization problems have attracted tremendous attention due to their broad…

Solving linear systems of equations is a fundamental problem with a wide variety of applications across many fields of science, and there is increasing effort to develop quantum linear solver algorithms. [Suba\c{s}i et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 David Jennings , Matteo Lostaglio , Sam Pallister , Andrew T Sornborger , Yiğit Subaşı

The preparation of Hamiltonian eigenstates is essential for many applications in quantum computing; the efficiency with which this can be done is of key interest. A canonical approach exploits the quantum phase estimation (QPE) algorithm.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-05 Richard Meister , Simon C. Benjamin

Identifying a biclique with the maximum number of edges bears considerable implications for numerous fields of application, such as detecting anomalies in E-commerce transactions, discerning protein-protein interactions in biology, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Xiaofan Li , Prasenjit Mitra , Rui Zhou , Wolfgang Nejdl

A hybrid quantum-classical algorithm is a computational scheme in which quantum circuits are used to extract information that is then processed by a classical routine to guide subsequent quantum operations. These algorithms are especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Alon Levi , Ziv Ossi , Eliahu Cohen , Amit Te'eni

We propose a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to compute approximate solutions of binary combinatorial problems. We employ a shallow-depth quantum circuit to implement a unitary and Hermitian operator that block-encodes the weighted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Natacha Kuete Meli , Florian Mannel , Jan Lellmann

Motivated by understanding the power of quantum computation with restricted number of qubits, we give two complete characterizations of unitary quantum space bounded computation. First we show that approximating an element of the inverse of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-22 Bill Fefferman , Cedric Yen-Yu Lin

The problem of finding the ground state energy of a Hamiltonian using a quantum computer is currently solved using either the quantum phase estimation (QPE) or variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithms. For precision $\epsilon$, QPE…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 Daochen Wang , Oscar Higgott , Stephen Brierley

Integer programming (IP) is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that is widely used to represent a diverse set of real-world problems spanning multiple fields, such as finance, engineering, logistics, and operations research. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-20 Kapil Goswami , Peter Schmelcher , Rick Mukherjee

We provide several quantum algorithms for continuous optimization that do not require gradient estimation. Instead, we encode the optimization problem into the dynamics of a physical system and coherently simulate the time evolution. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Ahmet Burak Catli , Sophia Simon , Nathan Wiebe

Quantum optimization allows for up to exponential quantum speedups for specific, possibly industrially relevant problems. As the key algorithm in this field, we motivate and discuss the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Jonas Stein , Maximilian Zorn , Leo Sünkel , Thomas Gabor

Complexity theory traditionally studies the hardness of solving classical computational problems. In the quantum setting, it is also natural to consider a different notion of complexity, namely the complexity of physically preparing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-11 Tony Metger , Henry Yuen

We describe a quantum algorithm for preparing states that encode solutions of non-homogeneous linear partial differential equations. The algorithm is a continuous-variable version of matrix inversion: it efficiently inverts differential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-11 Juan Miguel Arrazola , Timjan Kalajdzievski , Christian Weedbrook , Seth Lloyd

We propose a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for approximating the ground state and ground state energy of a Hamiltonian. Once the Ansatz has been decided, the quantum part of the algorithm involves the calculation of two overlap…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-13 Kishor Bharti

A milestone in the field of quantum computing will be solving problems in quantum chemistry and materials faster than state-of-the-art classical methods. The current understanding is that achieving quantum advantage in this area will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Guoming Wang , Daniel Stilck França , Ruizhe Zhang , Shuchen Zhu , Peter D. Johnson

The aim of the paper is to answer a long-standing open problem on the relationship between NP and BQP. The paper shows that BQP contains NP by proposing a BQP quantum algorithm for the MAX-E3-SAT problem which is a fundamental NP-hard…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-07-28 Ahmed Younes , Jonathan E. Rowe

Solving NP-hard constrained combinatorial optimization problems using quantum algorithms remains a challenging yet promising avenue toward quantum advantage. Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs), such as the Variational Quantum Eigensolver…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Xin Wei Lee , Hoong Chuin Lau