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In several important routing contexts it is required to identify a set of routes, each of which optimizes a different criterion. For instance, in the context of vehicle routing, one route would minimize the total distance traveled, while…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Ido Zoref , Ariel Orda

Self-organization of robust and efficient networks is important for a future design of communication or transportation systems, because both characteristics are not coexisting in many real networks. As one of the candidates for the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-06-15 Fuxuan Liao , Yukio Hayashi

We present a framework to define a large class of neural networks for which, by construction, training by gradient flow provably reaches arbitrarily low loss when the number of parameters grows. Distinct from the fixed-space global…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-13 David A. R. Robin , Kevin Scaman , Marc Lelarge

Spatially constrained planar networks are frequently encountered in real-life systems. In this paper, based on a space-filling disk packing we propose a minimal model for spatial maximal planar networks, which is similar to but different…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-05 Zhongzhi Zhang , Jihong Guan , Bailu Ding , Lichao Chen , Shuigeng Zhou

To learn (statistical) dependencies among random variables requires exponentially large sample size in the number of observed random variables if any arbitrary joint probability distribution can occur. We consider the case that sparse data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Dominik Janzing , Daniel Herrmann

Redundancy needs more precise characterization as it is a major factor in the evolution and robustness of networks of multivariate interactions. We investigate the complexity of such interactions by inferring a connection transitivity that…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Tiago Simas , Rion Brattig Correia , Luis M. Rocha

We study the information traffic in Barab\'asi-Albert scale free networks wherein each node has finite queue length to store the packets. It is found that in the case of shortest path routing strategy the networks undergo a first order…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-09-15 Zhi-Xi Wu , Wen-Xu Wang , Kai-Hau Yeung

We demonstrate how sophisticated graph properties, such as small distances and scale-free degree distributions, arise naturally from a reinforcement mechanism on layered graphs. Every node is assigned an a-priori i.i.d. fitness with…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Markus Heydenreich , Christian Hirsch

Suppose that under the action of gravity, liquid drains through the unit $d$-cube via a minimal-length network of channels constrained to pass through random sites and to flow with nonnegative component in one of the canonical orthogonal…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-09-01 Mathew D. Penrose , Andrew R. Wade

We study a simple model of dynamic networks, characterized by a set preferred degree, $\kappa$. Each node with degree $k$ attempts to maintain its $\kappa$ and will add (cut) a link with probability $w(k;\kappa)$ ($1-w(k;\kappa)$). As a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-07-29 Wenjia Liu , Shivakumar Jolad , Beate Schmittmann , R. K. P. Zia

The reliable operation of large-scale electric power networks is increasingly challenging, particularly with the integration of stochastic renewable generation. In this work, we address the problem of minimizing network transients by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Gerald Ogbonna , David Bindel , Lindsay C. Anderson

We have analysed some structural properties of scale-free networks with the same degree distribution. Departing from a degree distribution obtained from the Barab\'asi-Albert (BA) algorithm, networks were generated using four additional…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-06-04 José H. H. Grisi-Filho , Raul Ossada , Fernando Ferreira , Marcos Amaku

Paths are important structural elements in complex networks because they are finite (unlike walks), related to effective node coverage (minimum spanning trees), and can be understood as being dual to star connectivity. This article…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-12-05 Luciano da Fontoura Costa

Latent Euclidean embedding models a given network by representing each node in a Euclidean space, where the probability of two nodes sharing an edge is a function of the distances between the nodes. This implies that for two nodes to share…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Clifford Anderson-Bergman , Phan Nguyen , Jose Cadena Pico

Many complex systems can be described in terms of networks of interacting units. Recent studies have shown that a wide class of both natural and artificial nets display a surprisingly widespread feature: the presence of highly heterogeneous…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Ferrer i Cancho , R. V. Sole

We study the efficiency of the gradient mechanism of message transfer in a $2-d$ communication network of regular nodes and randomly distributed hubs. Each hub on the network is assigned some randomly chosen capacity and hubs with lower…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Satyam Mukherjee , Neelima Gupte

We propose an autoregressive framework for modelling dynamic networks with dependent edges. It encompasses models that accommodate, for example, transitivity, degree heterogenenity, and other stylized features often observed in real network…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Jinyuan Chang , Qin Fang , Eric D. Kolaczyk , Peter W. MacDonald , Qiwei Yao

We study the effects of spatial constraints on the structural properties of networks embedded in one or two dimensional space. When nodes are embedded in space, they have a well defined Euclidean distance $r$ between any pair. We assume…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Kosmas Kosmidis , Shlomo Havlin , Armin Bunde

To accurately represent disease spread, epidemiological models must account for the complex network topology and contact heterogeneity. Traditionally, most studies have used random heterogeneous networks, which ignore correlations between…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-15 Elad Korngut , Michael Assaf

A periodic temporal graph, in its simplest form, is a graph in which every edge appears exactly once in the first $\Delta$ time steps, and then it reappears recurrently every $\Delta$ time steps, where $\Delta$ is a given period length.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-22 George B. Mertzios , Hendrik Molter , Nils Morawietz , Paul G. Spirakis