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Starting with two light clocks to derive time dilation expression, as many textbooks do, and then adding a third one, we work on relativistic spacetime coordinates relations for some simple events as emission, reflection and return of light…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Nilton Penha , Bernhard Rothenstein

The paper presents a relativistic space-time diagram, which displays in true values the space (Cartesian and polar) and the time coordinates of the same event detected from two inertial reference frames in relative motion related by the…

General Physics · Physics 2008-12-04 Bernhard Rothenstein , Corina Nafornita

A two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime diagram is neatly represented on a Euclidean ordinary plane. However the Euclidean lengths of the lines on the diagram do not correspond to the true values of physical quantities in spacetime, except…

General Physics · Physics 2007-06-15 Nilton Penha , Bernhard Rothenstein , Doru Paunescu

A conventional space-time diagram is $r-ct$ one, which satisfies the Minkowski geometry. This geometry conflict the intuition from the Euclid geometry. In this work an Euclid space-time diagram is proposed to describe relativistic world…

General Physics · Physics 2014-08-07 W. LiMing

We present a comprehensive introduction to the kinematics of special relativity based on Minkowski diagrams and provide a graphical alternative to each and every topic covered in a standard introductory sequence. Compared to existing…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-08-11 Boxiang Liu , Thushara Perera

We present a new visualization of the proper-time elapsed along an observer's worldline. By supplementing worldlines with light clocks, the measurement of space-time intervals is reduced to the "counting of ticks." The resulting space-time…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 Roberto B. Salgado

This paper has pedagogical motivation. It is not uncommon that students have great difficulty in accepting the new concepts of standard special relativity, since these seem contrary to common sense. Experience shows that geometrical or…

General Physics · Physics 2008-12-02 Nilton Penha , Bernhard Rothenstein

This article shows how to express relativistic concepts in a visual manner using the full power of hyperbolic trigonometric functions. Minkowski diagrams in energy-momentum space are used in conjunction with hyperbolic triangles. Elegant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-26 Karol Urbański

A century after its formulation by Einstein, it is time to incorporate special relativity early in the physics curriculum. The approach advocated here employs a simple algebraic extension of vector formalism that generates Minkowski…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-09-08 William E. Baylis

A simple visual representation of Minkowski spacetime appropriate for a student with a background in geometry and algebra is presented. Minkowski spacetime can be modeled with a Euclidean 4-space to yield accurate visualizations as…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-06-03 Don V. Black , M. Gopi , F. Wessel , R. Pajarola , F. Kuester

The k-calculus was advanced by Hermann Bondi as a means of explaining special relativity using only simple algebra (Bondi H.: Relativity and Common Sense, London, Heinemann, 1964). As used by Bondi, k is Doppler shift. This paper extends…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles Francis

I present a way to visualize the concept of curved spacetime. The result is a curved surface with local coordinate systems (Minkowski Systems) living on it, giving the local directions of space and time. Relative to these systems, special…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Rickard Jonsson

Exploring Einstein's theories of relativity in quantum systems, for example by using atomic clocks at high speeds can deepen our knowledge in physics. However, many challenges still remain on finding novel methods for detecting effects of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-24 Wen-Te Liao , Sven Ahrens

The causal set program as well as the Wolfram physics project leave open the problem of how a graph that is a (3+1)-dimensional Minkowski-spacetime according to its simple geodesic distances, could be generated solely from simple…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-07 Gabriel Leuenberger

The concept of rigid reference frame and of constricted spatial metric, given in the previous work [\emph{Class. Quantum Grav.} {\bf 21}, 3067,(2004)] are here applied to some specific space-times: In particular, the rigid rotating disc…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 D. Soler

The observed flat rotation curves of galaxies require either the presence of dark matter in Newtonian gravitational potentials or a significant modification to the theory of gravity at galactic scales. Detecting relativistic Doppler shifts…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2012-02-15 Alan Cooney , Dimitrios Psaltis , Dennis Zaritsky

We study Doppler effects in curved space-time, i.e. the frequency shifts induced on electromagnetic signals propagating in the gravitational field. In particular, we focus on the frequency shift due to the bending of light rays in weak…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Matteo Luca Ruggiero , Angelo Tartaglia , Lorenzo Iorio

Treating the two-dimensional Minkowski space as a Wick rotated version of the complex plane, we characterize the causal automorphisms in two-dimensional Minkowski space as the M\"{a}rzke-Wheeler maps of a certain class of observers. We also…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Juan Manuel Burgos

Minkowski diagrams in 1+1 dimensional flat space-time are given a strictly geometric derivation, directly from two gedanken experiments incorporating the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light and the principle of (special)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 N. David Mermin

I compare the matrix representation of the basic statements of Special Relativity with the conventional vector space representation. It is shown, that the matrix form reproduces all equations in a very concise and elegant form, namely:…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wolfgang Koehler
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