Related papers: Ion-by-ion Cooling efficiencies
Focused ion beams are indispensable tools in the semiconductor industry because of their ability to image and modify structures at the nanometer length scale. Here we report on performance predictions of a new type of focused ion beam based…
Great advances in precision quantum measurement have been achieved with trapped ions and atomic gases at the lowest possible temperatures. These successes have inspired ideas to merge the two systems. In this way one can study the unique…
The electron temperature of the plasma is one important aspect of the environment. Electrons created by photoionization or impact ionization of atmospheric gas have energies $\sim$10 eV. In an active comet coma, the gas density is high…
Observations of some starburst-driven galactic superwinds suggest that strong radiative cooling could play a key role in the nature of feedback and the formation of stars and molecular gas in star-forming galaxies. These catastrophically…
We report new calculations of the cooling rate of primordial gas by the HD molecule, taking into account its ro-vibrational structure. The HD cooling function is calculated including radiative and collisional transitions for J\le8…
We present state-selected measurements of rotational cooling and excitation rates of CH$^+$ molecular ions by inelastic electron collisions. The experiments are carried out at the Cryogenic Storage Ring, making use of a monoenergetic…
In many clusters of galaxies there is evidence for cooling flow in the central regions. A possibility is that a fraction of the gas forms cold molecular clouds. We investigate the minimum temperature which can be reached by clouds in…
We present a method for including steady-state gas flows in the plasma physics code Cloudy, which was previously restricted to modeling static configurations. The numerical algorithms are described in detail, together with an example…
Electrons densities in different locations of our galaxy are obtained in pulsar astronomy by dividing the dispersion measure (DM) by the distance of the pulsar to Earth. The properties of the interstellar plasma are related to its heating.…
Here we report new ${\it ab initio}$ calculations of the effective recombination coefficients for the \ion{N}{ii} recombination spectrum. We have taken into account the density dependence of the coefficients arising from the relative…
We perform a quantitative analysis of the cooling dynamics of three-level atomic systems interacting with two distinct lasers. Employing sparse-matrix techniques, we find numerical solutions to the fully quantized master equation in steady…
X-ray missions with microcalorimeter technology will resolve spectral features with unprecedented detail. In this work, we improve the H-like K$\alpha$ energies for elements between 6 $\leq Z \leq$ 30 for the release version of the spectral…
We study ionization and transport processes in partially ionized multicomponent plasmas. The plasma composition is calculated via a system of coupled mass action laws. The electronic transport properties are determined by the electron-ion…
The efficiency of laser-cooling relies on the existence of an almost closed optical-transition cycle in the energy spectrum of the considered species. In this respect rare-earth elements exhibit many transitions which are likely to induce…
The unprecedented growth in artificial intelligence (AI) workloads, recently dominated by large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), has intensified power and cooling demands in data centers. This study benchmarks LLMs…
Results from a large set of hydrodynamical SPH simulations of galaxy clusters in a flat LCDM cosmology are used to investigate the metal enrichment and heating of the ICM. The physical modeling of the gas includes radiative cooling, star…
Sympathetic laser cooling of ions stored within a linear-geometry, radio frequency, electric-quadrupole trap has been investigated using computational and theoretical techniques. The simulation, which allows 5 sample ions to interact with…
We present an approach to construct position-sensitive silicon detectors with an integrated cooling circuit. Tests on samples demonstrate that a very modest liquid flow very effectively cool the devices up to a power dissipation of over…
An ion in a radiofrequency (rf) trap sympathetically cooled by a simultaneously trapped neutral buffer gas exhibits deviations from thermal statistics caused by collision-induced coupling of the rf field to the ion motion. For a uniform…
We show that we can predict the first ionization energy of the carbon atom to within 0.872 cm$^{-1}$ of the experimental value. This is an improvement of more than a factor of 6.5 over the preceding best prediction in [Phys. Rev. A 81,…