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We investigate additive properties of sets $A,$ where $A=\{a_1,a_2,\ldots ,a_k\}$ is a monotone increasing set of real numbers, and the differences of consecutive elements are all distinct. It is known that $|A+B|\geq c|A||B|^{1/2}$ for any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-01 Imre Ruzsa , Jozsef Solymosi

Generative data augmentation, which scales datasets by obtaining fake labeled examples from a trained conditional generative model, boosts classification performance in various learning tasks including (semi-)supervised learning, few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Chenyu Zheng , Guoqiang Wu , Chongxuan Li

We study existence and uniqueness of the fixed points solutions of a large class of non-linear variable discounted transfer operators associated to a sequential decision-making process. We establish regularity properties of these solutions,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-02-20 L. Cioletti , Elismar R. Oliveira

A More Sums Than Differences (MSTD, or sum-dominant) set is a finite set $A\subset \mathbb{Z}$ such that $|A+A|<|A-A|$. Though it was believed that the percentage of subsets of $\{0,...,n\}$ that are sum-dominant tends to zero, in 2006…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-12-15 Geoffrey Iyer , Oleg Lazarev , Steven J. Miller , Liyang Zhang

In this paper we study a class of dynamical systems generated by iterations of multivariate polynomials and estimate the degreegrowth of these iterations. We use these estimates to bound exponential sums along the orbits of these dynamical…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-13 Alina Ostafe , Igor Shparlinski

This paper presents a class of Dynamic Multi-Armed Bandit problems where the reward can be modeled as the noisy output of a time varying linear stochastic dynamic system that satisfies some boundedness constraints. The class allows many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-10 T. W. U. Madhushani , D. H. S. Maithripala , N. E. Leonard

We derive theorems which outline explicit mechanisms by which anomalous scaling for the probability density function of the sum of many correlated random variables asymptotically prevails. The results characterize general anomalous scaling…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 Attilio L. Stella , Fulvio Baldovin

We review the basic theory of More Sums Than Differences (MSTD) sets, specifically their existence, simple constructions of infinite families, the proof that a positive percentage of sets under the uniform binomial model are MSTD but not if…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-07-15 Geoffrey Iyer , Oleg Lazarev , Steven J. Miller , Liyang Zhang

Full set of autonomous completely solvable differential systems of equations in total differentials is built by basis of infinitesimal operators, universal invariant, and structure constants of admited multiparametric Lie group (abelian and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-01-16 V. N. Gorbuzov

In this article we introduce associative Look-Up Tables. With their help, pseudo sums are correctly determined. The set of limit distributions in a pseudo-summation scheme of i.i.d. random variables is described. Also, two special cases…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-02 Ivan Alexeev , Ignat Melnikov , Artem Uglovski

Finding tight bounds on the optimal solution is a critical element of practical solution methods for discrete optimization problems. In the last decade, decision diagrams (DDs) have brought a new perspective on obtaining upper and lower…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Quentin Cappart , Emmanuel Goutierre , David Bergman , Louis-Martin Rousseau

Incremental computation has recently been studied using the concepts of change structures and derivatives of programs, where the derivative of a function allows updating the output of the function based on a change to its input. We…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Mario Alvarez-Picallo , Alex Eyers-Taylor , Michael Peyton Jones , C. -H. Luke Ong

In computational design and fabrication, neural networks are becoming important surrogates for bulky forward simulations. A long-standing, intertwined question is that of inverse design: how to compute a design that satisfies a desired…

Graphics · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Navid Ansari , Hans-Peter Seidel , Vahid Babaei

Inference in expressive probabilistic models is generally intractable, which makes them difficult to learn and limits their applicability. Sum-product networks are a class of deep models where, surprisingly, inference remains tractable even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-14 Abram L. Friesen , Pedro Domingos

It is known that there is a one-to-one correspondence between equivalence classes of primitive indefinite binary quadratic forms and primitive hyperbolic conjugacy classes of the modular group. Due to such a correspondence, Sarnak obtained…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-10 Yasufumi Hashimoto

In this note we draw a connection between noncommutative algebra and geometric group theory. Specifically, we ask whether it is possible to bound the sequence of codimensions for an associative PI-algebra using techniques from geometric…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-01-05 Christopher S. Henry

Motivated by the study of asymptotic behaviour of the bandit problems, we obtain several strategy-driven limit theorems including the law of large numbers, the large deviation principle, and the central limit theorem. Different from the…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-05-19 Zengjing Chen , Shui Feng , Guodong Zhang

The set of points of a one-dimensional cut-and-project quasicrystal or model set, while not additive, is shown to be multiplicative for appropriate choices of acceptance windows. This leads to the definition of an associative additive…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-02 David B. Fairlie , Reidun Twarock , Cosmas K. Zachos

Many problems in additive number theory, such as Fermat's last theorem and the twin prime conjecture, can be understood by examining sums or differences of a set with itself. A finite set $A \subset \mathbb{Z}$ is considered sum-dominant if…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-12-13 Amanda Bower , Ron Evans , Victor Luo , Steven J. Miller

The analysis of dynamical systems is a fundamental tool in the natural sciences and engineering. It is used to understand the evolution of systems as large as entire galaxies and as small as individual molecules. With predefined conditions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-19 Ludwig Winkler