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Various techniques have been used in recent years for verifying quantum computers, that is, for determining whether a quantum computer/system satisfies a given formal specification of correctness. Barrier certificates are a recent novel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 Marco Lewis , Paolo Zuliani , Sadegh Soudjani

We study random number expansion protocols based on the $n \to 1$ quantum random access codes (QRACs). We consider them in the semi-device independent scenario where the inner workings of the devices are unknown to us but we can certify the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Hong-Wei Li , Marcin Pawłowski , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

The randomness from a quantum random number generator (QRNG) relies on the accurate characterization of its devices. However, device imperfections and inaccurate characterizations can result in wrong entropy estimation and bias in practice,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-30 You-Qi Nie , Jian-Yu Guan , Hongyi Zhou , Qiang Zhang , Xiongfeng Ma , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

In order to guarantee the output of a quantum computation, we usually assume that the component devices are trusted. However, when the total computation process is large, it is not easy to guarantee the whole system when we have scaling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-16 Masahito Hayashi , Michal Hajdusek

Random numbers are a fundamental resource in science and engineering with important applications in simulation and cryptography. The inherent randomness at the core of quantum mechanics makes quantum systems a perfect source of entropy.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-28 Miguel Herrero-Collantes , Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin

Device-independent protocols use nonlocality to certify that they are performing properly. This is achieved via Bell experiments on entangled quantum systems, which are kept isolated from one another during the measurements. However, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-26 Jonathan Silman , Stefano Pironio , Serge Massar

We present verification protocols to gain confidence in the correct performance of the realization of an arbitrary universal quantum computation. The derivation of the protocols is based on the fact that matchgate computations, which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Jose Carrasco , Marc Langer , Antoine Neven , Barbara Kraus

Causal nonseparability is the property underlying quantum processes incompatible with a definite causal order. So far it has remained a central open question as to whether any process with a clear physical realisation can violate a causal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 Hippolyte Dourdent , Alastair A. Abbott , Ivan Šupić , Cyril Branciard

Computational security in cryptography has a risk that computational assumptions underlying the security are broken in the future. One solution is to construct information-theoretically-secure protocols, but many cryptographic primitives…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Taiga Hiroka , Tomoyuki Morimae , Ryo Nishimaki , Takashi Yamakawa

In this paper we propose a quantum random number generator (QRNG) which utilizes an entangled photon pair in a Bell singlet state, and is certified explicitly by value indefiniteness. While "true randomness" is a mathematical impossibility,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-01 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Karl Svozil

A test of quantumness is a protocol where a classical user issues challenges to a quantum device to determine if it exhibits non-classical behavior, under certain cryptographic assumptions. Recent attempts to implement such tests on current…

Randomness in Bell test data can be device-independently certified by Bell's theorem without placing assumptions about the experimental devices. The device-independent randomness has very demanding requirement about the experimental devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Xing Chen , Kai Redeker , Robert Garthoff , Wenjamin Rosenfeld , Jörg Wrachtrup , Ilja Gerhardt

In practical situations, the reliability of quantum resources can be compromised due to complex generation processes or adversarial manipulations during transmission. Consequently, the trials generated sequentially in an experiment may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Yanbao Zhang , Akshay Seshadri , Emanuel Knill

Device-independent quantum key distribution aims to provide key distribution schemes whose security is based on the laws of quantum physics but which does not require any assumptions about the internal working of the quantum devices used in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-18 Lluis Masanes , Stefano Pironio , Antonio Acin

We develop a family of quantum accreditation protocols for quantum circuits with non-Clifford two-qubit gates. The latter includes families of gates such as the fSim and XY families of gates, native to existing hardwares. We provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Andrew Jackson , Theodoros Kapourniotis , Animesh Datta

Random number generators (RNG) are essential elements in many cryptographic systems. True random number generators (TRNG) rely upon sources of randomness from natural processes such as those arising from quantum mechanics phenomena. We…

Device-independent quantum key distribution is the task of using uncharacterized quantum devices to establish a shared key between two users. If a protocol is secure regardless of the device behaviour, it can be used to generate a shared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-01 Jonathan Barrett , Roger Colbeck , Adrian Kent

Random numbers are essential for our modern information based society e.g. in cryptography. Unlike frequently used pseudo-random generators, physical random number generators do not depend on complex algorithms but rather on a physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Mario Stipčević , Rupert Ursin

Blind Quantum Computing (BQC) allows a client to have a server carry out a quantum computation for them such that the client's input, output and computation remain private. A desirable property for any BQC protocol is verification, whereby…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-12 Joseph F. Fitzsimons , Elham Kashefi

Verifiable blind quantum computing is a secure delegated quantum computing where a client with a limited quantum technology delegates her quantum computing to a server who has a universal quantum computer. The client's privacy is protected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-12 Tomoyuki Morimae