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Given a tensor network state, how can we determine conserved operators (including Hamiltonians) for which the state is an eigenstate? We answer this question by presenting a method to extract geometrically $k$-local conserved operators that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Wen-Tao Xu , Miguel Frías Pérez , Mingru Yang

We present an operational procedure to transform global symmetries into local symmetries at the level of individual quantum states, as opposed to typical gauging prescriptions for Hamiltonians or Lagrangians. We then construct a compatible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Jutho Haegeman , Karel Van Acoleyen , Norbert Schuch , J. Ignacio Cirac , Frank Verstraete

Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) are very useful in the description of strongly correlated systems, partly because they allow encoding symmetries, either global or local (gauge), naturally. In recent years, PEPS with local symmetries…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-08-25 David Blanik , José Garre-Rubio , András Molnár , Erez Zohar

We study the structure of topological phases and their boundaries in the Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) formalism. We show how topological order in a system can be identified from the structure of the PEPS transfer operator, and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-09-10 Norbert Schuch , Didier Poilblanc , J. Ignacio Cirac , David Perez-Garcia

We present a scheme to perform an iterative variational optimization with infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS), a tensor network ansatz for a two-dimensional wave function in the thermodynamic limit, to compute the ground state…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-05-02 Philippe Corboz

The infinite Projected Entangled-Pair State (iPEPS) algorithm is one of the most efficient techniques for studying the ground-state properties of two-dimensional quantum lattice Hamiltonians in the thermodynamic limit. Here, we show how the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-04-04 Saeed S. Jahromi , Roman Orus , Mehdi Kargarian , Abdollah Langari

Simulating of exotic phases of matter that are not amenable to classical techniques is one of the most important potential applications of quantum information processing. We present an efficient algorithm for preparing a large class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-30 Martin Schwarz , Toby S. Cubitt , Kristan Temme , Frank Verstraete , David Perez-Garcia

We introduce a family of states, the fPEPS, which describes fermionic systems on lattices in arbitrary spatial dimensions. It constitutes the natural extension of another family of states, the PEPS, which efficiently approximate ground and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-15 Christina V. Kraus , Norbert Schuch , Frank Verstraete , J. Ignacio Cirac

Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) are recognized as a potent tool for exploring two-dimensional quantum many-body systems. However, a significant challenge emerges when applying conventional PEPS methodologies to systems with periodic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-07-23 Shaojun Dong , Chao Wang , Hao Zhang , Meng Zhang , Lixin He

Kitaev's quantum double models in 2D provide some of the most commonly studied examples of topological quantum order. In particular, the ground space is thought to yield a quantum error-correcting code. We offer an explicit proof that this…

We derive explicit closed-form matrix representations of Hamiltonians drawn from tensored algebras, such as quantum spin Hamiltonians. These formulas enable us to soft-code generic Hamiltonian systems and to systematize the input data for…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-08-26 Yingkai Liu , Emil Prodan

We prove the conjectured classification of topological phases in two spatial dimensions with gappable boundary, in a simplified setting. Two gapped ground states of lattice Hamiltonians are in the same quantum phase of matter, or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-28 Isaac H. Kim , Daniel Ranard

Symmetrization of topologically ordered wavefunctions is a powerful method for constructing new topological models. Here, we study wavefunctions obtained by symmetrizing quantum double models of a group $G$ in the Projected Entangled Pair…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-10-06 Carlos Fernandez-Gonzalez , Roger S. K. Mong , Olivier Landon-Cardinal , David Perez-Garcia , Norbert Schuch

We study resonating valence bond (RVB) states in the Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) formalism. Based on symmetries in the PEPS description, we establish relations between the toric code state, the orthogonal dimer state, and the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2012-10-22 Norbert Schuch , Didier Poilblanc , J. Ignacio Cirac , David Perez-Garcia

We present a conjugate-gradient method for the ground-state optimization of projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) in the thermodynamic limit, as a direct implementation of the variational principle within the PEPS manifold. Our…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-11-08 Laurens Vanderstraeten , Jutho Haegeman , Philippe Corboz , Frank Verstraete

Tensor network states, and in particular projected entangled pair states (PEPS), suggest an innovative approach for the study of lattice gauge theories, both from a pure theoretic point of view, and as a tool for the analysis of the recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-12 Erez Zohar , Michele Burrello

The existence of a spectral gap above the ground state has far-reaching consequences for the low-energy physics of a quantum many-body system. A recent work of Movassagh [R. Movassagh, PRL 119 (2017), 220504] shows that a spatially random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Marius Lemm

We present a new subspace iteration method for computing low-lying eigenpairs (excited states) of high-dimensional quantum many-body Hamiltonians with nearest neighbor interactions on two-dimensional lattices. The method is based on a new…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Alec Dektor , Runze Chi , Roel Van Beeumen , Chao Yang

We provide a generalisation of the matrix product operator (MPO) formalism for string-net projected entangled pair states (PEPS) to include non-unitary solutions of the pentagon equation. These states provide the explicit lattice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-01 Laurens Lootens , Robijn Vanhove , Jutho Haegeman , Frank Verstraete

It is commonly believed that models defined on a closed one-dimensional manifold cannot give rise to topological order. Here we construct frustration-free Hamiltonians which possess both symmetry protected topological order (SPT) on the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-04-15 Pramod Padmanabhan , Jintae Kim , Jung Hoon Han