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An entanglement witness (EW) is an operator that allows to detect entangled states. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for such operators to be optimal, i.e. to detect entangled states in an optimal way. We show how to optimize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 M. Lewenstein , B. Kraus , J. I. Cirac , P. Horodecki

Entanglement witnesses are observables which when measured, detect entanglement in a measured composed system. It is shown what kind of relations between eigenvectors of an observable should be fulfilled, to allow an observable to be an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Gniewomir Sarbicki

Entanglement witnesses form an effective method to locally detect entanglement in the laboratory without having the prior knowledge of the full density matrix. However, separable states can be erroneously indicated as entangled in such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Kornikar Sen , Chirag Srivastava , Shiladitya Mal , Aditi Sen De , Ujjwal Sen

We provide a canonical form of mixed states in bipartite quantum systems in terms of a convex combination of a separable state and a, so-called, edge state. We construct entanglement witnesses for all edge states. We present a canonical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 M. Lewenstein , B. Kraus , P. Horodecki , J. I. Cirac

Entanglement witnesses (EWs) are fundamental tools for detecting entanglement. However traditional linear witnesses often fail to identify most of the entangled states. In this work, we construct a family of nonlinear entanglement witnesses…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 AmirHossein Tangestaninejad , Vahid Karimipour

Entanglement witnesses provide a standard tool for the analysis of entanglement in experiments. We investigate possible nonlinear entanglement witnesses from several perspectives. First, we demonstrate that they can be used to show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 Otfried Gühne , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We describe a general method of realizing entanglement witnesses in terms of the interference pattern of a single quantum probe. After outlining the principle, we discuss specific realizations both with electrons in mesoscopic Aharonov-Bohm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-23 T. Scholak , F. Mintert , C. A. Müller

The structural physical approximation (SPA) to a positive map is considered to be one of the most important method to detect entanglement in the real physical world. We first show that an arbitrary entanglement witness (EW) $W$ can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 Bang-Hai Wang , Dong-Yang Long

Entanglement, a critical resource for quantum information processing, needs to be witnessed in many practical scenarios. Theoretically, witnessing entanglement is by measuring a special Hermitian observable, called entanglement witness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Xiao Yuan , Quanxin Mei , Shan Zhou , Xiongfeng Ma

Entanglement, while being critical in many quantum applications, is difficult to characterize experimentally. While entanglement witnesses based on the fidelity to the target entangled state are efficient detectors of entanglement, they in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-29 Won Kyu Calvin Sun , Alexandre Cooper , Paola Cappellaro

We establish a relation between concurrence and entanglement witnesses. In particular, we construct entanglement witnesses for three-qubit W and GHZ states in terms of concurrence and different set of operators that generate it. We also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-06-05 Hoshang Heydari

We introduce informationally complete measurements whose outcomes are entanglement witnesses and so answer the question of how many witnesses need to be measured to decide whether an arbitrary state is entangled or not: as many as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Huangjun Zhu , Yong Siah Teo , Berthold-Georg Englert

We present an experimentally feasible and efficient method for detecting entangled states with measurements that extend naturally to a tomographically complete set. Our detection criterion is based on measurements from subsets of a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 Joonwoo Bae , Beatrix C. Hiesmayr , Daniel McNulty

An entanglement witness (EW) is a Hermitian operator that can distinguish an entangled state from all separable states. We drive and implement a numerical method based on machine learning to create a multipartite EW. Using support vector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-28 Mahmoud Mahdian , Zahra Mousavi

We study entanglement witness and present a construction of entanglement witnesses in terms of the symmetric informationally complete measurements (SIC-POVM). The capability of our witness is shown by some examples and it can be found this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Tao Li , Le-Min Lai , Deng-Feng Liang , Shao-Ming Fei , Zhi-Xi Wang

Genuine multipartite entanglement is arguably the most valuable form of entanglement in the multipartite case, with applications, for instance, in quantum metrology. In order to detect that form of entanglement in multipartite quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Jakub Szczepaniak , Owidiusz Makuta , Remigiusz Augusiak

In this paper we introduce a criterion for the characterization of Entanglement Witness for multipartite quantum systems. Our approach is based on the characterization of the "tangent space" to the set of pure product states.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-30 Fabio Masillo

Quantum entanglement lies at the heart of quantum mechanics and quantum information processing. In this work, we show a new framework where entangled states play the role of witnesses. We extend the notion of entanglement witnesses,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-04 Bang-Hai Wang

Let $H^{[ N]}=H^{[ d_{1}]}\otimes ... \otimes H^{[ d_{n}]}$ be a tensor product of Hilbert spaces and let $\tau_{0}$ be the closest separable state in the Hilbert-Schmidt norm to an entangled state $\rho_{0}$. Let $\tilde{\tau}_{0}$ denote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Arthur O. Pittenger , Morton H. Rubin

We investigate bound entanglement in three-qubit mixed states which are diagonal in the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) basis. Entanglement in these states is detected using entanglement witnesses and the analysis focuses on states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Vaishali Gulati , Gayatri Singh , Kavita Dorai