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Quantum key distribution---exchanging a random secret key relying on a quantum mechanical resource---is the core feature of secure quantum networks. Entanglement-based protocols offer additional layers of security and scale favorably with…

Realization of a globe-spanning quantum network is a current worldwide goal, where near and long term implementations will benefit from connectivity between platforms optimized for specific tasks. Towards this goal, a quantum network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-11 Mohsen Falamarzi Askarani , Kaushik Chakraborty , Gustavo Castro do Amaral

We present a detailed rate analysis for a hybrid quantum repeater assuming perfect memories and using optimal probabilistic entanglement generation and deterministic swapping routines. The hybrid quantum repeater protocol is based on atomic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-09 Nadja K. Bernardes , Ludmiła Praxmeyer , Peter van Loock

We present a "hybrid quantum repeater" protocol for the long-distance distribution of atomic entangled states beyond qubits. In our scheme, imperfect noisy entangled pairs of two qudits, i.e., two discrete-variable $d$-level systems, each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-03 Marcel Bergmann , Peter van Loock

Long-distance quantum communication via entanglement distribution is of great importance for the quantum internet. However, scaling up to such long distances has proved challenging due to the loss of photons, which grows exponentially with…

Decoherence is detrimental to quantum key distribution (QKD) over large distances. One of the proposed solutions is to use quantum repeaters, which divide the total distance between the users into smaller segments to minimise the effects of…

We present a linear optical scheme for error-free distribution of two-photon polarization entangled Bell states over noisy channels. The scheme can be applied to an elementary quantum repeater protocol with potentially significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Demetrios Kalamidas

The realization of a global quantum network holds the potential to enable groundbreaking applications such as secure quantum communication and blind quantum computing. However, building such a network remains a formidable challenge,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Jia-Wei Ji , Shinichi Sunami , Seigo Kikura , Akihisa Goban , Christoph Simon

Quantum repeater networks that allow long-distance entanglement distribution will be the backbone of distributed quantum information processing. In this paper we explore entanglement distribution using quantum repeaters with optimized…

We present a physical- and link-level design for the creation of entangled pairs to be used in quantum repeater applications where one can control the noise level of the initially distributed pairs. The system can tune dynamically, trading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 W. J. Munro , R. Van Meter , Sebastien G. R. Louis , Kae Nemoto

We present a quantum repeater protocol that generates the elementary segments of entangled photons through the communication of qubus in coherent states. The input photons at the repeater stations can be in arbitrary states to save the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-19 Bing He , Yu-Hang Ren , Janos A. Bergou

We analyze an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) architecture that uses a linear chain of quantum repeaters employing photon-pair sources, spectral-multiplexing, linear-optic Bell-state measurements, multi-mode quantum…

In this paper we consider the quantum repeater protocol for distributing the entanglement to two distant three-level atoms. In this protocol, we insert six atoms between two target atoms such that the eight considered atoms are labeled by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-04 M Ghasemi , M K Tavassoly

Quantum repeaters are enabling technologies for long-distance quantum communications. Despite the significant progress in the field, we still not only face implementation challenges but also need theoretical solutions that better meet all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Javier Rey-Domínguez , Mohsen Razavi

We formulate the problem of finding the optimal entanglement swapping scheme in a quantum repeater chain as a Markov decision process and present its solution for different repeater's sizes. Based on this, we are able to demonstrate that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Evgeny Shchukin , Peter van Loock

We propose an alternative scheme for quantum repeater without phase stabilization and polarization calibration of photons transmitted over long-distance channel. We introduce time-bin photonic states and use a new two-photon interference…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ming Gao , Lin-Mei Liang , Cheng-Zu Li , Xiang-Bin Wang

We introduce an alternative approach for the design of quantum repeaters based on generating entangled states of growing size. The scheme utilizes quantum merging operations, also known as fusion type-I operations, that allow the…

A large scale quantum network requires the distribution of high-fidelity end-to-end entanglement. To overcome the range limitations inherent to terrestrial fiber, a leading architecture has emerged: satellite-based sources transmitting…

Quantum communication is at the forefront of quantum technology, enabling the development of absolutely secure encryption, distributed quantum computing, teleportation and more. Whilst quantum communication has been experimentally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Scott E. Vinay , Pieter Kok

By implementing a quantum repeater protocol, our aim in this paper is the production of entanglement between two two-level atoms locating far from each other. To make our model close to experimental realizations, the atomic and field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-08 M Ghasemi , MK Tavassoly