Related papers: Gauge Invariant States of QCD
A distinct feature of Coulomb gauge QCD is that it can be formulated in terms of physical, transverse gluons and quarks alone. The state-counting is then transparent, and the gauge is suited for studies of the excited spectrum. Leaving…
The perturbation theory in QED used the new form of ground state as a state of interacted particles is proposed. The mean electromagnetic field of charged elementary particle is calculated. The possibility of elimination the problem with…
We study, by numerical simulations on a lattice, the behaviour of the gauge-invariant quark-antiquark nonlocal condensates in the QCD vacuum with dynamical fermions. A determination is also done in the quenched approximation and the results…
A basic distinction, long overlooked, between the conventional, "idealistic" formulation of QCD, and a more "realistic" formulation is brought into focus by a rigorous, non-perturbative, gauge-invariant evaluation of the Schwinger solution…
A particular initial state for the construction of the perturbative expansion of QCD is investigated. It is formed as a coherent superposition of zero momentum gluon pairs and shows Lorentz as well as global SU(3) symmetries. It follows…
We examine a nonlocal interaction that results from expressing the QCD Hamiltonian entirely in terms of gauge-invariant quark and gluon fields. The interaction couples one quark color-charge density to another, much as electric charge…
The continuum Dirac model with an unbounded energy spectrum is widely used to describe low-energy states in various electron systems, such as graphene, topological insulators, and Weyl semimetals. However, if it is applied to analyze the…
The nature of confinement is connected with color charge. Unfortunately, the color charge densities in QCD, the Noether charge densities associated with the global color invariance, are not invariant under local color rotations. This…
A precise formulation of $U(1)$ local gauge invariance in QED is presented, which clearly shows that the gauge coupling associated with the unphysical longitudinal photon field is non-observable and actually has an arbitrary value. We then…
The gauge invariance analysis of theories described in noncommutative (NC) space-times can lead us to interesting results since noncommutativity is one of the possible paths to investigate quantum effects in classical theories such as…
Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking is a nonperturbative phenomenon that may be studied using QCD's gap equation. Model-independent results can be obtained with a nonperturbative and symmetry preserving truncation. The gap equation yields…
We consider BRST-invariant inner product states for quantum electrodynamics constructed from trivial BRST-invariant states and a gauge regulator. The trivial states are products of matter and ghost states and are annihilated by hermitian…
We develop a mathematical framework for the quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories using gauge-invariant packaged quantum states \cite{Ma2017,Ma2025}. In this formalism, every single excitation transforms as a complete…
The QCD equation of state at finite temperature and densities of conserved charges is considered in the framework of a Hagedorn bag-like model, incorporating both the finite sizes of hadrons as well as their exponential mass spectrum.…
We study the baryonic sector of QCD with quarks in the two index symmetric or antisymmetric representation. The minimal gauge invariant state that carries baryon number cannot be identified with the Skyrmion of the low energy chiral…
We show that QCD contains stable four-quark QQ\qbar\qbar hadronic states in the limit where the heavy quark mass goes to infinity. (Here Q denotes a heavy quark, \qbar a light antiquark and the stability refers only to the strong…
We describe our recent proposal that distinct phases of gauge theories with fundamental quarks translate into specific types of low-energy behavior in Dirac spectral density. The resulting scenario is built around new evidence…
The paper is the first of two parts of the work devoted to the investigation of constructing quantum theory of a closed universe as a system without asynptotic states. In Part I the role of asymptotic states in quantum theory of gravity is…
We present a new perspective on the nature of quark and gluon condensates in quantum chromodynamics. We suggest that the spatial support of QCD condensates is restricted to the interiors of hadrons, since these condensates arise due to the…
String tension is introduced in perturbative QCD without hindering ultra violet renormalizability . The running gauge coupling constant remains unaltered and the string tension in the high energy limit vanishes asymptotically. Using 1/N…