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The brain is a powerful tool used to achieve amazing feats. There have been several significant advances in neuroscience and artificial brain research in the past two decades. This article is a review of such advances, ranging from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-05-16 Gabriel Makdah

Spatial embodied intelligence requires agents to act to acquire information under partial observability. While multimodal foundation models excel at passive perception, their capacity for active, self-directed exploration remains…

Collective Adaptive Systems often consist of many heterogeneous components typically organised in groups. These entities interact with each other by adapting their behaviour to pursue individual or collective goals. In these systems, the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Michele Loreti , Michela Quadrini

Early artificial intelligence paradigms exhibited separated cognitive functions: Neural Networks focused on "perception-representation," Reinforcement Learning on "decision-making-behavior," and Symbolic AI on "knowledge-reasoning." With…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Zhi Liu , Guangzhi Wang

We try to perform geometrization of cognitive science and psychology by representing information states of cognitive systems by points of {\it mental space} given by a hierarchic $m$-adic tree. Associations are represented by balls and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Andrei Khrennikov

Cross-view spatial reasoning remains a weak spot for vision-language models (VLMs): they often reason in language and lose the fine-grained geometry needed for the task. Thinking with images aims to address this by generating an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qian Yang , Ankur Sikarwar , Huy Le , Le Zhang , Zhuan Shi , Perouz Taslakian , Aishwarya Agrawal

In this introductory article we present the basics of an approach to implementing computational interpreting of natural language aiming to model the meanings of words and phrases. Unlike other approaches, we attempt to define the meanings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Michael Kapustin , Pavlo Kapustin

In recent years, promising mathematical models have been suggested which aim to describe conscious experience and its relation to the physical domain. Whereas the axioms and metaphysical ideas of these theories have been carefully…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-15 Johannes Kleiner

In our previous arXiv papers (more systematically the informational conception is presented in the paper "The Information as Absolute", 2010) it was rigorously shown that Matter in our Universe - and Universe as a whole - are some…

General Physics · Physics 2011-05-05 S. V. Shevchenko , V. V. Tokarevsky

Visualization researchers and visualization professionals seek appropriate abstractions of visualization requirements that permit considering visualization solutions independently from specific problems. Abstractions can help us design,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Michael Gleicher , Maria Riveiro , Tatiana von Landesberger , Oliver Deussen , Remco Chang , Christina Gillman

Knowledge is the most precious asset of humankind. People extract the experience from the data that provide for us the reality through the feelings. Generally speaking, it is possible to see the analogy of knowledge elaboration between…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Viacheslav Dubeyko

The study and understanding of human behaviour is relevant to computer science, artificial intelligence, neural computation, cognitive science, philosophy, psychology, and several other areas. Presupposing cognition as basis of behaviour,…

This paper explores the paradoxical nature of computational creativity, focusing on the inherent limitations of closed digital systems in emulating the open-ended, dynamic process of human creativity. Through a comprehensive analysis, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Ömer Akin , Yuning Wu

Learning and interpreting the structure of the environment is an innate feature of biological systems, and is integral to guiding flexible behaviours for evolutionary viability. The concept of a cognitive map has emerged as one of the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-04 James C. R. Whittington , David McCaffary , Jacob J. W. Bakermans , Timothy E. J. Behrens

For human cognitive process, spatial reasoning and perception are closely entangled, yet the nature of this interplay remains underexplored in the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). While recent MLLM advancements show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Chengzu Li , Wenshan Wu , Huanyu Zhang , Qingtao Li , Zeyu Gao , Yan Xia , José Hernández-Orallo , Ivan Vulić , Furu Wei

The paper attempts to describe the space of possible mind designs by first equating all minds to software. Next it proves some interesting properties of the mind design space such as infinitude of minds, size and representation complexity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-10-03 Roman V. Yampolskiy

Recently, a new wave of thinking-capable Large Language Models has emerged, demonstrating exceptional capabilities across a wide range of reasoning benchmarks. Early studies have begun to explore how the amount of compute in terms of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ignacio Iacobacci , Zhaozhi Qian , Faroq AL-Tam , Muhammad AL-Qurishi , Riad Souissi

Spatial reasoning is a core component of human cognition, enabling individuals to perceive, comprehend, and interact with the physical world. It relies on a nuanced understanding of spatial structures and inter-object relationships, serving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Zesen Lyu , Dandan Zhang , Wei Ye , Fangdi Li , Zhihang Jiang , Yao Yang

The cognitive framework of conceptual spaces bridges the gap between symbolic and subsymbolic AI by proposing an intermediate conceptual layer where knowledge is represented geometrically. There are two main approaches for obtaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Lucas Bechberger , Elektra Kypridemou

This paper presents an approach to the design of autonomous, real-time systems operating in uncertain environments. We address issues of problem solving and reflective control of reasoning under uncertainty in terms of two fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 John S. Breese , Michael R. Fehling