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We present two on-line algorithms for maintaining a topological order of a directed $n$-vertex acyclic graph as arcs are added, and detecting a cycle when one is created. Our first algorithm handles $m$ arc additions in $O(m^{3/2})$ time.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-05-13 Bernhard Haeupler , Telikepalli Kavitha , Rogers Mathew , Siddhartha Sen , Robert Endre Tarjan

We propose a fully dynamic algorithm for maintaining reachability information in directed graphs. The proposed deterministic dynamic algorithm has an update time of $O((ins*n^{2}) + (del * (m+n*log(n))))$ where $m$ is the current number of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-11-22 Venkata Seshu Kumar Kurapati

We present a dynamic algorithm for maintaining the connected and 2-edge-connected components in an undirected graph subject to edge deletions. The algorithm is Monte-Carlo randomized and processes any sequence of edge deletions in $O(m + n…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Anders Aaman , Adam Karczmarz , Jakub Łącki , Nikos Parotsidis , Peter M. R. Rasmussen , Mikkel Thorup

We study dynamic algorithms in the model of algorithms with predictions. We assume the algorithm is given imperfect predictions regarding future updates, and we ask how such predictions can be used to improve the running time. This can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Jan van den Brand , Sebastian Forster , Yasamin Nazari , Adam Polak

We consider the question of orienting the edges in a graph $G$ such that every vertex has bounded out-degree. For graphs of arboricity $\alpha$, there is an orientation in which every vertex has out-degree at most $\alpha$ and, moreover,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Slobodan Mitrović , Ronitt Rubinfeld , Mihir Singhal

We consider the maintenance of maximal bicliques from a dynamic bipartite graph that changes over time due to the addition or deletion of edges. When the set of edges in a graph changes, we are interested in knowing the change in the set of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Apurba Das , Srikanta Tirthapura

Connectivity related concepts are of fundamental interest in graph theory. The area has received extensive attention over four decades, but many problems remain unsolved, especially for directed graphs. A directed graph is 2-edge-connected…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Shiri Chechik , Thomas Dueholm Hansen , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Veronika Loitzenbauer , Nikos Parotsidis

The Path Contraction and Cycle Contraction problems take as input an undirected graph $G$ with $n$ vertices, $m$ edges and an integer $k$ and determine whether one can obtain a path or a cycle, respectively, by performing at most $k$ edge…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-12 R. Krithika , V. K. Kutty Malu , Prafullkumar Tale

Acyclic and cyclic orientations of an undirected graph have been widely studied for their importance: an orientation is acyclic if it assigns a direction to each edge so as to obtain a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with the same vertex set;…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Alessio Conte , Roberto Grossi , Andrea Marino , Romeo Rizzi

To date, the best circle graph recognition algorithm runs in almost linear time as it relies on a split decomposition algorithm that uses the union-find data-structure. We show that in the case of circle graphs, the PC-tree data-structure…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Christophe Paul , Ignaz Rutter

We prove that triangulated IC-planar and NIC-planar graphs can be recognized in cubic time. A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane with at most one crossing per edge. A drawing is IC-planar if, in addition, each vertex is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-10-28 Franz J. Brandenburg

Given a simple $n$-vertex, $m$-edge graph $G$ undergoing edge insertions and deletions, we give two new fully dynamic algorithms for exactly maintaining the edge connectivity of $G$ in $\tilde{O}(n)$ worst-case update time and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Gramoz Goranci , Monika Henzinger , Danupon Nanongkai , Thatchaphol Saranurak , Mikkel Thorup , Christian Wulff-Nilsen

A graph $G$ is said to be a $(k,\ell)$-graph if its vertex set can be partitioned into $k$ independent sets and $\ell$ cliques. It is well established that the recognition problem for $(k,\ell)$-graphs is NP-complete whenever $k \geq 3$ or…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Flavia Bonomo-Braberman , Min Chih Lin , Ignacio Maqueda

Many common graph data mining tasks take the form of identifying dense subgraphs (e.g. clustering, clique-finding, etc). In biological applications, the natural model for these dense substructures is often a complete bipartite graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Kyle Kloster , Blair D. Sullivan , Andrew van der Poel

Fully dynamic graph is a data structure that (1) supports edge insertions and deletions and (2) answers problem specific queries. The time complexity of (1) and (2) are referred to as the update time and the query time respectively. There…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-30 Yoichi Iwata , Keigo Oka

Our work concerns algorithms for an unweighted variant of Maximum Flow. In the All-Pairs Connectivity (APC) problem, we are given a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, and are tasked with computing the maximum number of edge-disjoint…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Shyan Akmal , Ce Jin

This paper presents a comprehensive study of algorithms for maintaining the number of all connected four-vertex subgraphs in a dynamic graph. Specifically, our algorithms maintain the number of paths of length three in deterministic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Kathrin Hanauer , Monika Henzinger , Qi Cheng Hua

We consider the problem of detecting a cycle in a directed graph that grows by arc insertions, and the related problems of maintaining a topological order and the strong components of such a graph. For these problems, we give two…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-12-06 Michael A. Bender , Jeremy T. Fineman , Seth Gilbert , Robert E. Tarjan

We present a new fully dynamic algorithm for maintaining betweenness centrality (BC) of vertices in a directed graph $G=(V,E)$ with positive edge weights. BC is a widely used parameter in the analysis of large complex networks. We achieve…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Matteo Pontecorvi , Vijaya Ramachandran

Given an undirected graph $G$, the problem of deciding whether $G$ admits a simple and proper time-labeling that makes it temporally connected is known to be NP-hard (G\"obel et al., 1991). In this article, we relax this problem and ask…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Arnaud Casteigts , Michelle Döring , Nils Morawietz