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The recent paucity of sunspots and the delay in the expected start of Solar Cycle 24 have drawn attention to the challenges involved in predicting solar activity. Traditional models of the solar cycle usually require information about the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-05 Mercedes T. Richards , Michael L. Rogers , Donald St. P. Richards

We describe a new tool developed for solar flare forecasting on the base of some sunspot group properties. Assuming that the flare frequency follows the Poisson statistics, this tool uses a database containing the morphological…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-16 M. Falco , P. Costa , P. Romano

Sunspot Cycle 25 over 3 years past the cycle minimum of December 2019. At this point, curve-fitting becomes reliable and consistently indicates a maximum sunspot number of 135+/-10 - slightly larger than Cycle 24's maximum of 116.4, but…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-02 Lisa A. Upton , David H. Hathaway

Various methods (or recipes) have been proposed to predict future solar activity levels - with mixed success. Among these, some precursor methods based upon quantities determined around or a few years before solar minimum have provided…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 Manfred Schuessler

Building a reliable forecast of solar activity is a long-standing problem that requires to accurately describe past and current global dynamics. However, synoptic observations of magnetic fields and subsurface flows became available…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-14 Irina N. Kitiashvili

The ability to predict the future behavior of solar activity has become of extreme importance due to its effect on the near Earth environment. Predictions of both the amplitude and timing of the next solar cycle will assist in estimating…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 A. Ajabshirizadeh , N. Masoumzadeh Jouzdani , S. Abbassi

A Bayesian approach to solar flare prediction has been developed, which uses only the event statistics of flares already observed. The method is simple, objective, and makes few ad hoc assumptions. It is argued that this approach should be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-09 M. S. Wheatland

The minimum - maximum method, belonging to the precursor class of the solar activity forecasting methods, is based on a linear relationship between relative sunspot number in the minimum and maximum epochs of solar cycles. In the present…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-23 R. Brajša , G. Verbanac , M. Bandić , A. Hanslmeier , I. Skokić , D. Sudar

In this paper Fourier Transform and Wavelet Transform are applied in case of recent 300 years of sunspot numbers to explain the solar cycles. Here basically parallel study of Fourier and Wavelet analysis are done and we have observed that…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2013-12-11 Sabyasachi Mukhopadhyay , Debadatta Dash , Asish Mitra , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

A test of a new Bayesian approach to solar flare prediction (Wheatland 2004a) is presented. The approach uses the past history of flaring together with phenomenological rules of flare statistics to make a prediction for the probability of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. S. Wheatland

The Sun's activity cycle governs the radiation, particle and magnetic flux in the heliosphere creating hazardous space weather. Decadal-scale variations define space climate and force the Earth's atmosphere. However, predicting the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-11 Prantika Bhowmik , Dibyendu Nandy

Human living environment is influenced by intense solar activity. The solar activity exhibits periodicity and regularity. Although many deep-learning models are currently used for solar cycle prediction, most of them are based on a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-04 Cui Zhao , Kun Liu , Shangbin Yang , Jinchao Xia , Jingxia Chen , Jie Ren , Shiyuan Liu , Fangyuan He

Forecasting future solar activity has become crucial in our modern world, where intense eruptive phenomena mostly occurring during solar maximum are likely to be strongly damaging to satellites and telecommunications. We present a 4D…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 L. Jouve , C. P. Hung , A. S. Brun , S. Hazra , A. Fournier , O. Talagrand , B. Perri , A. Strugarek

The use of different solar activity indices like sunspot numbers, sunspot areas, flare index, magnetic fields, etc., allows us to investigate the time evolution of some specific features of the solar activity and the underlying dynamo…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-10-11 Stefano Sello

The Solar Cycle is reviewed. The 11-year cycle of solar activity is characterized by the rise and fall in the numbers and surface area of sunspots. A number of other solar activity indicators also vary in association with the sunspots…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-01 David H. Hathaway

Solar flares occur in complex sunspot groups, but it remains unclear how the probability of producing a flare of a given magnitude relates to the characteristics of the sunspot group. Here, we use Geostationary Operational Environmental…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-02-28 D. Shaun Bloomfield , Paul A. Higgins , R. T. James McAteer , Peter T. Gallagher

The so-called solar cycle is generally characterized by the quasi-periodic oscillatory evolution of the photospheric spots number. This quasi-periodic pattern has always been an intriguing question. Several physical models were proposed to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Alexis Klutsch , Rubens Freire Ferrero

A review of solar cycle prediction methods and their performance is given, including early forecasts for cycle 25. The review focuses on those aspects of the solar cycle prediction problem that have a bearing on dynamo theory. The scope of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-05 Kristof Petrovay

The rise and fall in the number of sunspots have served as a lynchpin in many investigations on solar dynamics. Arising from magnetic disturbances in the sun, variations in sunspot numbers have helped define a solar cycle of around eleven…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-27 Reynan L. Toledo , Reinabelle Reyes , Christopher C. Bernido

The dynamic activity of the Sun -- sustained by a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo mechanism working in its interior -- modulates the electromagnetic, particulate and radiative environment in space. While solar activity variations on short…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-31 Dibyendu Nandy