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Phase change memory (PCM) is one of the leading candidates for neuromorphic hardware and has recently matured as a storage class memory. Yet, energy and power consumption remain key challenges for this technology because part of the PCM…
The fundamental energy cost of irreversible computing is given by the Landauer bound of $kT \ln2$~/bit. However, this limit is only achievable for infinite-time processes. We here determine the fundamental energy cost of finite-time…
We present a detailed description of a zero temperature phase transition between superconducting and diffusive metallic states in very thin wires due to a Cooper pair breaking mechanism. The dissipative critical theory contains current…
We derive general trade-off relations among the power, efficiency, and constancy for two-terminal thermoelectric systems in the linear response regime. Constancy, which quantifies the steadiness of the heat engine, is measured by its…
Information processing machines at the nanoscales are unavoidably affected by thermal fluctuations. Efficient design requires understanding how nanomachines can operate at minimal energy dissipation. In this letter we focus on mechanical…
Electron transfer coupled to a collective vibronic degree of freedom is studied in strongly condensed phase and at lower temperatures where quantum fluctuations are essential. Based on an exact representation of the reduced density matrix…
Even though irreversibility is one of the major hallmarks of any real life process, an actual understanding of irreversible processes remains still mostly semiempirical. In this paper we formulate a thermodynamic uncertainty principle for…
We introduce mathematical tools and fixed point algorithms for optimal statistical max-min power control in cellular and cell-less massive MIMO systems. Unlike previous studies that rely on the use-and-then-forget (UatF) lower bound on…
The switching dynamics of a multiferroic nanomagnetic NAND gate with fan-in/fan-out is simulated by solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation while neglecting thermal fluctuation effects. The gate and logic wires are implemented…
The Carnot heat engine sets an upper bound on the efficiency of a heat engine. As an ideal, reversible engine, a single cycle must be performed in infinite time, and so the Carnot engine has zero power. However, there is nothing in…
Low-temperature electronic systems require electrical leads which have low electrical resistance to provide bias current I without excessive voltage drop V. But proper cryogenic design also requires high thermal resistance to maintain a…
Operation parameters of magnetic quantum cellular automata are evaluated for the purposes of reliable logic operation. The dynamics of the nanomagnets is simulated via the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations with a stochastic magnetic field…
In 1961, Rolf Landauer pointed out that resetting a binary memory requires a minimum energy of $k_BT \ln(2)$. However, once written, any memory is doomed to loose its content if no action is taken. To avoid memory losses, a refresh…
Thermal boundary conductance (TBC) is critical in many thermal and energy applications. A decades-old puzzle has been that many of the measured TBCs, such as those well characterized across Al/Si and ZnO/GaN interfaces, significantly exceed…
Nonequilibrium physics encompasses a broad range of natural and synthetic small-scale systems. Optimizing transitions of such systems will be crucial for the development of nanoscale technologies and may reveal the physical principles…
It is known that temperature estimates of macroscopic systems in equilibrium are most precise when their energy fluctuations are large. However, for nanoscale systems deviations from standard thermodynamics arise due to their interactions…
Semiconductor supply chain is increasingly getting exposed to variety of security attacks such as Trojan insertion, cloning, counterfeiting, reverse engineering (RE), piracy of Intellectual Property (IP) or Integrated Circuit (IC) and…
The 60 mV$/$decade subthreshold limit at room temperature, coined as the Boltzmann tyranny, remains a fundamental obstacle to the continued down-scaling of conventional transistors. While several strategies have sought to overcome this…
A long standing open problem whether a heat engine with finite power achieves the Carnot efficiency is investigated. We rigorously prove a general trade-off inequality on thermodynamic efficiency and time interval of a cyclic process with…
The third law of thermodynamics, also known as the Nernst unattainability principle, puts a fundamental bound on how close a system, whether classical or quantum, can be cooled to a temperature near to absolute zero. On the other hand, a…