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The class of solvable many-body problems "of goldfish type" is extended by including (the additional presence of) three-body forces. The solvable $N$-body problems thereby identified are characterized by Newtonian equations of motion…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2013-10-10 Oksana Bihun , Francesco Calogero

A symmetric characteristic singular integral equation with two fixed singularities at the endpoints in the class of functions bounded at the ends is analyzed. It reduces to a vector Hilbert problem for a half-disc and then to a vector…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2015-10-06 Y. A. Antipov

You can invent striking and challenging problems with unique solution by building some symmetry into functional equations. Some are suitable for high school; others could generate college-level projects involving computer algebra. The…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-24 Anthony G. O'Farrell

In this paper, we present some new results on the geometrically m-step solvable Grothendieck conjecture in anabelian geometry. Specifically, we show the (weak bi-anabelian and strong bi-anabelian) geometrically m-step solvable Grothendieck…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Naganori Yamaguchi

G\"ahler ([4],[5]) introduced and investigated the notion of 2-metric spaces and 2-normed spaces in sixties. These concepts are inspired by the notion of area in two dimensional Euclidean space. In this paper, we choose a fundamentally…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-09-26 Kamran Alam Khan

Recent literature on Weil-Petersson random hyperbolic surfaces has met a consistent obstacle: the necessity to condition the model, prohibiting certain rare geometric patterns (which we call tangles), such as short closed geodesics or…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-10-15 Nalini Anantharaman , Laura Monk

We study the power mean inequality of the generalized trigonometric and hyperbolic functions with two parameters. The generalized $p$-trigonometric and $(p, q)$-trigonometric functions were introduced by P. Lindqvist and S. Takeuchi,…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-05-30 Árpád Baricz , Barkat Ali Bhayo , Riku Klén

The ternary Goldbach conjecture, or three-primes problem, states that every odd number $n$ greater than $5$ can be written as the sum of three primes. The conjecture, posed in 1742, remained unsolved until now, in spite of great progress in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-04-15 Harald Andrés Helfgott

In many singular metric spaces, the regularity of a shortest-length curve is unknown. Algebraic varieties, or more generally sets defined by finitely many polynomial or real analytic equalities or inequalities, all locally partition into…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-01-30 Chengcheng Yang

We introduce an original approach to geometric calculus in which we define derivatives and integrals on functions which depend on extended bodies in space--that is, paths, surfaces, and volumes etc. Though this theory remains to be fully…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Theodore G. Erler

In this paper, we introduce a new class of confluent hypergeometric functions of many variables, study their properties, and determine a system of partial differential equations that this function satisfies. It turns out that all the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-08-21 Tuhtasin Ergashev

This paper is devoted to introduce new geometric constants that quantify the difference between Roberts orthogonality and Birkhoff orthogonality in normed planes. We start by characterizing Roberts orthogonality in two different ways: via…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2017-02-22 Vitor Balestro , Horst Martini , Ralph Teixeira

Special relativity corresponds to hyperbolic geometry at constant velocity while the so-called general relativity corresponds to hyperbolic geometry of uniformly accelerated systems. Generalized expressions for angular momentum, centrifugal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-04-11 B. H. Lavenda

The purpose of this article is to produce effective versions of some rigidity results in algebra and geometry. On the geometric side, we focus on the spectrum of primitive geodesic lengths (resp., complex lengths) for arithmetic hyperbolic…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-11-21 Benjamin Linowitz , D. B. McReynolds , Paul Pollack , Lola Thompson

Hyperbolic polynomials were first introduced by Garding in 1959 in [2]. The space of this type of polynomial was studied by Nuij and various results were given in [4]. Following the work of Kurdyka and Paunescu in [3], this paper gives a…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Tristan Hasson

We show that if two closed hyperbolic surfaces (not necessarily orientable or even connected) have the same Laplace spectrum, then for every length they have the same number of orientation-preserving geodesics and the same number of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-04-08 Peter G. Doyle , Juan Pablo Rossetti

We retrace Davenport's solution to Wahba's classic problem of aligning two pointclouds using the formalism of Geometric Algebra (GA). GA proves to be a natural backdrop for this problem involving three-dimensional rotations due to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Timothy D Barfoot

Previous work in the literature has studied gravitational radiation in black-hole collisions at the speed of light. In particular, it had been proved that the perturbative field equations may all be reduced to equations in only two…

Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Giampiero Esposito

In 1961 E. G. Albrekht presented a method for the optimal stabilization of smooth, nonlinear, finite dimensional, continuous time control systems. This method has been extended to similar systems in discrete time and to some stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-10 Arthur J. Krener

In this article we discuss the role of stability functions in geometric invariant theory and apply stability function techniques to problems in toric geometry. In particular we show how one can use these techniques to recover results of…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-07-03 Daniel Burns , Victor Guillemin , Zuoqin Wang