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Despite the widespread use of graphs in empirical research, little is known about readers' ability to process the statistical information they are meant to convey ("visual inference"). We study visual inference within the context of…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-01-31 Christina Korting , Carl Lieberman , Jordan Matsudaira , Zhuan Pei , Yi Shen

Given an imprecise probabilistic model over a continuous space, computing lower/upper expectations is often computationally hard to achieve, even in simple cases. Because expectations are essential in decision making and risk analysis,…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-06-09 L. Utkin , S. Destercke

Scatter plots are widely recognized as fundamental tools for illustrating the relationship between two numerical variables. Despite this, based on solid theoretical foundations, scatter plots generated from pairs of continuous random…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-05 Arturo Erdely , Manuel Rubio-Sanchez

Comparative binary outcome data are of fundamental interest in statistics and are often pooled in meta-analyses. Here we examine the simplest case where for each study there are two patient groups and a binary event of interest, giving rise…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-06-12 Rose Baker , Dan Jackson

Better representation of the uncertainty in a data visualisation is a focus of recent research activity. A problem with the current literature is that there is a lack of clarity about the definition of uncertainty and what it means to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Harriet Mason , Dianne Cook , Sarah Goodwin , Emi Tanaka , Susan VanderPlas

It is often not possible to construct a probability density function that describes the data. This can happen if there is no analytic description, and the number of parameters is too large so that it is impossible to simulate and tabulate…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-28 Dmitry Chirkin

Financial companies continuously analyze the state of the markets to rethink and adjust their investment strategies. While the analysis is done on the digital form of data, decisions are often made based on graphical representations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Naftali Cohen , Tucker Balch , Manuela Veloso

This work introduces the definition of observation-specific explanations to assign a score to each data point proportional to its importance in the definition of the prediction process. Such explanations involve the identification of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-16 Valentina Ghidini , Michael Multerer , Jacopo Quizi , Rohan Sen

Histograms provide a powerful means of summarizing large data sets by representing their distribution in a compact, binned form. The HistogramTools R package enhances R built-in histogram functionality, offering advanced methods for…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Shubham Malhotra

The use of statistical software in academia and enterprises has been evolving over the last years. More often than not, students, professors, workers, and users, in general, have all had, at some point, exposure to statistical software.…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-21 Rui Portocarrero Sarmento , Vera Costa

When we use simulation to evaluate the performance of a stochastic system, the simulation often contains input distributions estimated from real-world data; therefore, there is both simulation and input uncertainty in the performance…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-10 Wei Xie , Barry L. Nelson , Russell R. Barton

We introduce a new discrepancy score between two distributions that gives an indication on their similarity. While much research has been done to determine if two samples come from exactly the same distribution, much less research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-16 Maayan Harel , Shie Mannor

In the rapidly growing literature on explanation algorithms, it often remains unclear what precisely these algorithms are for and how they should be used. In this position paper, we argue for a novel and pragmatic perspective: Explainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Sebastian Bordt , Eric Raidl , Ulrike von Luxburg

Our primary aim is to find an estimate of the expected shortfall in various situations: (1) Nonparametric situation, when the probability distribution of the incurred loss is unknown, only satisfying some general conditions. Then, following…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-26 Jana Jurečková , Jan Kalina , Jan Večeř

The subject of this paper is the elucidation of effects of actions from causal assumptions represented as a directed graph, and statistical knowledge given as a probability distribution. In particular, we are interested in predicting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Ilya Shpitser , Judea Pearl

Though athletics statistics are abundant, it is a difficult task to quantitatively compare performances from different events of track, field, and road running in a meaningful way. There are several commonly-used methods, but each has its…

Applications · Statistics 2014-08-27 Brian Godsey

With the rise of the open data movement a lot of statistical data has been made publicly available by governments, statistical offices and other organizations. First efforts to visualize are made by the data providers themselves. Data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2011-10-17 Daniel Hienert , Benjamin Zapilko , Philipp Schaer , Brigitte Mathiak

Correlation matrix visualization is essential for understanding the relationships between variables in a dataset, but missing data can pose a significant challenge in estimating correlation coefficients. In this paper, we compare the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Nhat-Hao Pham , Khanh-Linh Vo , Mai Anh Vu , Thu Nguyen , Michael A. Riegler , Pål Halvorsen , Binh T. Nguyen

Packing peanuts, as defined by Wikipedia, is a common loose-fill packaging and cushioning material that helps prevent damage to fragile items. In this paper, I propose that synthetic data, akin to packing peanuts, can serve as a valuable…

General Economics · Economics 2024-05-14 Vansh Murad Kalia

Marginal expected shortfall is unquestionably one of the most popular systemic risk measures. Studying its extreme behaviour is particularly relevant for risk protection against severe global financial market downturns. In this context,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Simone A. Padoan , Stefano Rizzelli , Matteo Schiavone