Related papers: The muonic longitudinal shower profiles at product…
On basis of the theorem of a universal shower development stating that a hadronically generated extensive air shower is completely described by the primary energy, the position of the shower maximum and a parameter related to the total muon…
We study the evolution behavior of generalized parton distributions at small longitudinal momentum fraction. Particular attention is paid to the ratio of a generalized parton distribution and its forward limit, to the mixing between quarks…
Although the electromagnetic and muonic components of extensive air showers have been studied in great detail, no comprehensive simulation study of the neutron component is available. This is related to the complexity of neutron transport…
New analysis of lateral distributions (LD) of electrons, muons and charged particles in extensive air showers generated by $10^{15}-10^{19}$ eV cosmic rays has been made with respect to the scaling formalism for LD and air shower…
In this work, we present an analytical description of the energy distributions of primary and secondary cosmogenic particles on Earth in terms of parameters having clear physical meaning. A modified power law is assumed for energy…
The influence of high and low energy hadronic models on lateral distribution functions of cosmic ray air showers for AUGER energies is explored. A large variety of presently used high and low energy hadron interaction models are analysed…
The production spectrum of high-energy muons as a function of depth in the atmosphere is relevant for understanding properties of event rates in deep detectors. For a given atmospheric profile, cascades of heavy nuclei develop at higher…
A comparative study of simulated air shower longitudinal profiles is presented. An appropriate thinning level for the calculations is first determined empirically. High statistics results are then provided, over a wide energy range,…
Based on extensive air shower simulations it is shown that the electron distributions with respect to the two angles, determining electron direction at a given shower age, for a fixed electron energy and lateral distance, are universal. It…
{}From the study of the multiple muon events in deep underground detectors, it is possible to extract information about the spectrum and composition of the primary cosmic rays. In this work the number of TeV muons produced by a primary…
We present a new analytical approach to the longitudinal development of electromagnetic air showers, offering improvements to the classical Greisen formalism. We introduce a novel profile for the slope function $\lambda_1(s)$ that achieves…
We present a fast one dimensional hybrid method to efficiently simulate extensive air showers up to the highest observed energies. Based on precalculated pion showers and a bootstrap technique, our method predicts the average shower…
Pion and kaon structural properties provide insights into the emergence of mass within the Standard Model and attendant modulations by the Higgs boson. Novel expressions of these effects, in impact parameter space and in mass and pressure…
We present a review of atmospheric muon flux and energy spectrum measurements over almost six decades of muon momentum. Sea-level and underground/water/ice experiments are considered. Possible sources of systematic errors in the…
We consider a hypothetical observatory of ultra-high energy cosmic rays consisting of two surface detector arrays that measure independently electromagnetic and muon signals induced by air showers. Using the constant intensity cut method,…
We consider the cosmic muon background for the installations located at shallow depths. We suggest a relatively simple formula for the sea-level muon spectrum, which allows calculate dependencies of the vertical muon intensity and integral…
Motivated by the desire to understand the longitudinal effects of beam-beam forces, we study the longitudinal dynamics of protons and anti-protons at injection and top energy in the Tevatron. Multi-turn data of the longitudinal profiles are…
We compute deep-sea energy spectra and zenith-angle distributions of the atmospheric muons, both conventional and prompt. The prompt muon contribution to the muon flux underwater is calculated taking into consideration predictions of recent…
An alternative parametrization of the particle shower longitudinal profile is presented. The accuracy of the obtained shower profile description is about 2-3% for the 0-1500 g/cm^2 atmosphere slant depths and primary H, He,... Fe nuclei in…
Production of muon pairs by high-energy photons in electromagnetic and hadronic showers in atmosphere has been calculated. The effect of muon pair production in hadronic Extensive Air Showers (EAS) is unlikely to be seen by next generation…