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The $r$-neighbor bootstrap percolation is a graph infection process based on the update rule by which a vertex with $r$ infected neighbors becomes infected. We say that an initial set of infected vertices propagates if all vertices of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Boštjan Brešar , Jaka Hedžet , Rebekah Herrman

In this paper we focus on $r$-neighbor bootstrap percolation, which is a process on a graph where initially a set $A_0$ of vertices gets infected. Now subsequently, an uninfected vertex becomes infected if it is adjacent to at least $r$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-24 Marinus Gottschau

We study atypical behavior in bootstrap percolation on the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph. Initially a set $S$ is infected. Other vertices are infected once at least $r$ of their neighbors become infected. Janson et al. (2012) locates the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Omer Angel , Brett Kolesnik

Let $G_{n,p}^1$ be a superposition of the random graph $G_{n,p}$ and a one-dimensional lattice: the $n$ vertices are set to be on a ring with fixed edges between the consecutive vertices, and with random independent edges given with…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-02 Tatyana Turova , Thomas Vallier

Graph bootstrap percolation is a discrete-time process capturing the spread of a virus on the edges of $K_n$. Given an initial set $G\subseteq K_n$ of infected edges, the transmission of the virus is governed by a fixed graph $H$: in each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 David Fabian , Patrick Morris , Tibor Szabó

We investigate the behaviour of $r$-neighbourhood bootstrap percolation on the binomial $k$-uniform random hypergraph $H_k(n,p)$ for given integers $k\geq 2$ and $r\geq 2$. In $r$-neighbourhood bootstrap percolation, infection spreads…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Mihyun Kang , Christoph Koch , Tamás Makai

Majority bootstrap percolation is a model of infection spreading in networks. Starting with a set of initially infected vertices, new vertices become infected once half of their neighbours are infected. Balogh, Bollob\'{a}s and Morris…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Maurício Collares , Joshua Erde , Anna Geisler , Mihyun Kang

We study the following bootstrap percolation process: given a connected graph $G$, a constant $\rho \in [0, 1]$ and an initial set $A \subseteq V(G)$ of \emph{infected} vertices, at each step a vertex~$v$ becomes infected if at least a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Frederik Garbe , Andrew McDowell , Richard Mycroft

We consider bootstrap percolation on the binomial random graph $G(n,p)$ with infection threshold $r\in \mathbb{N}$, an infection process which starts from a set of initially infected vertices and in each step every vertex with at least $r$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Mihyun Kang , Tamás Makai

The $r$-neighbour bootstrap process describes an infection process on a graph, where we start with a set of initially infected vertices and an uninfected vertex becomes infected as soon as it has $r$ infected neighbours. An inital set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-11 Alexandra Wesolek

Bootstrap percolation is a type of cellular automaton on graphs, introduced as a simple model of the dynamics of ferromagnetism. Vertices in a graph can be in one of two states: `healthy' or `infected' and from an initial configuration of…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-01 Tom Coker , Karen Gunderson

Majority bootstrap percolation on the random graph $G_{n,p}$ is a process of spread of "activation" on a given realisation of the graph with a given number of initially active nodes. At each step those vertices which have more active…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-25 Sigurdur Örn Stefánsson , Thomas Vallier

We investigate bootstrap percolation with infection threshold $r> 1$ on the binomial $k$-uniform random hypergraph $H_k(n,p)$ in the regime $n^{-1}\ll n^{k-2}p \ll n^{-1/r}$, when the initial set of infected vertices is chosen uniformly at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-25 Mihyun Kang , Christoph Koch , Tamás Makai

Bootstrap percolation is a prominent framework for studying the spreading of activity on a graph. We begin with an initial set of active vertices. The process then proceeds in rounds, and further vertices become active as soon as they have…

In r-neighbour bootstrap percolation on the vertex set of a graph G, vertices are initially infected independently with some probability p. At each time step, the infected set expands by infecting all uninfected vertices that have at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-01 Béla Bollobás , Cecilia Holmgren , Paul Smith , Andrew J. Uzzell

Bootstrap percolation has been used effectively to model phenomena as diverse as emergence of magnetism in materials, spread of infection, diffusion of software viruses in computer networks, adoption of new technologies, and emergence of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-06-18 Milan Bradonjić , Iraj Saniee

Bootstrap percolation is an often used model to study the spread of diseases, rumors, and information on sparse random graphs. The percolation process demonstrates a critical value such that the graph is either almost completely affected or…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-07 Peter Ballen , Sudipto Guha

Bootstrap percolation on a graph iteratively enlarges a set of occupied sites by adjoining points with at least $\theta$ occupied neighbors. The initially occupied set is random, given by a uniform product measure, and we say that spanning…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-14 Janko Gravner , David Sivakoff

In $\HH$-bootstrap percolation, a set $A \subset V(\HH)$ of initially 'infected' vertices spreads by infecting vertices which are the only uninfected vertex in an edge of the hypergraph $\HH$. A particular case of this is the $H$-bootstrap…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-28 József Balogh , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris , Oliver Riordan

Graph bootstrap percolation is a deterministic cellular automaton which was introduced by Bollob\'as in 1968, and is defined as follows. Given a graph $H$, and a set $G \subset E(K_n)$ of initially `infected' edges, we infect, at each time…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-27 József Balogh , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris