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Antibodies, a prominent class of approved biologics, play a crucial role in detecting foreign antigens. The effectiveness of antigen neutralisation and elimination hinges upon the strength, sensitivity, and specificity of the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-06 Bruna Moreira da Silva , David B. Ascher , Nicholas Geard , Douglas E. V. Pires

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an immunotherapy that has recently become highly instrumental in the fight against life-threatening diseases. A variety of modeling and computational simulation efforts have addressed…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-03-04 Ujwani Nukala , Marisabel Rodriguez Messan , Osman N. Yogurtcu , Xiaofei Wang , Hong Yang

The immune system can be thought as a complex network of different interacting elements. A cellular automaton, defined in shape-space, was recently shown to exhibit self-regulation and complex behavior and is, therefore, a good candidate to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Rita Maria Zorzenon dos Santos , Americo T. Bernardes

The adaptive immune system is a natural diagnostic and therapeutic. It recognizes threats earlier than clinical symptoms manifest and neutralizes antigen with exquisite specificity. Recognition specificity and broad reactivity is enabled…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-26 Alex J. Brown , Igor Snapkov , Rahmad Akbar , Milena Pavlović , Enkelejda Miho , Geir K. Sandve , Victor Greiff

A mathematical model for estimating the risk of airborne transmission of a respiratory infection such as COVID-19, is presented. The model employs basic concepts from fluid dynamics and incorporates the known scope of factors involved in…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-28 Rajat Mittal , Charles Meneveau , Wen Wu

In a poisoning attack, an adversary with control over a small fraction of the training data attempts to select that data in a way that induces a corrupted model that misbehaves in favor of the adversary. We consider poisoning attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Fnu Suya , Saeed Mahloujifar , Anshuman Suri , David Evans , Yuan Tian

Compartmental models are valuable tools for investigating infectious diseases. Researchers building such models typically begin with a simple structure where compartments correspond to individuals with different epidemiological statuses,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-21 Darren Flynn-Primrose , Steven C. Walker , Michael Li , Benjamin M. Bolker , David J. D. Earn , Jonathan Dushoff

This paper develops a second-order explicit predictor-corrector numerical approach for solving a mathematical model on the dynamic of cytokine expressions and human immune cell activation in response to the bacterium staphylococcus aureus…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-07 Eric Ngondiep , Ariane Njomou Ndantouo , George Mondinde Ikomey

Mathematical oncology is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field that uses mathematical models to enhance our understanding of cancer dynamics, including tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment response. Tumor-immune interactions play a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-05 Chenghang Li , Jinzhi Lei

We propose a mathematical model based on probability theory to optimize COVID-19 testing by a multi-step batch testing approach with variable batch sizes. This model and simulation tool dramatically increase the efficiency and efficacy of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-11 Hongshik Ahn , Haoran Jiang , Xiaolin Li

Models of biochemical networks are usually presented as connected graphs where vertices indicate proteins and edges are drawn to indicate activation or inhibition relationships. These diagrams are useful for drawing qualitative conclusions…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-09-29 Chathranee Jayathilaka , Robyn Araujo , Lan Nguyen , Mark Flegg

Following antigen stimulation, the net outcomes of a T cell response are shaped by integrated signals from both positive co-stimulatory and negative regulatory molecules. Recently, the blockade of negative regulatory molecules (i.e. immune…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2017-09-19 Haidong Dong , Yiyi Yan , Roxana S. Dronca , Svetomir N. Markovic

Infectious disease modeling is used to forecast epidemics and assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies. Although the core assumption of mass-action models of homogeneously mixed population is often implausible, they are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-29 Thien-Minh Le , Jukka-Pekka Onnela

Significant work is being done to develop the math and tools necessary to build provable defenses, or at least bounds, against adversarial attacks of neural networks. In this work, we argue that tools from control theory could be leveraged…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Arash Rahnama , Andre T. Nguyen , Edward Raff

Protection equipment is used to prevent damage to induction motor loads by isolating them from power systems in the event of severe faults. Modeling the response of induction motor loads and their protection is vital for power system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-17 Soumya Kundu , Zhigang Chu , Yuan Liu , Yingying Tang , Qiuhua Huang , Daniel James , Yu Zhang , Pavel Etingov , David P. Chassin

Understanding dynamics of an infectious disease helps in designing appropriate strategies for containing its spread in a population. Recent mathematical models are aimed at studying dynamics of some specific types of infectious diseases. In…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-02-05 P. Raja Sekhara Rao , M. Naresh Kumar

Model immunization aims to pre-train models that are difficult to fine-tune on harmful tasks while retaining their utility on other non-harmful tasks. Though prior work has shown empirical evidence for immunizing text-to-image models, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Amber Yijia Zheng , Cedar Site Bai , Brian Bullins , Raymond A. Yeh

Developing safety policies to protect large groups of individuals working in indoor environments from disease spread is an important and challenging task. To address this issue, we investigate the scenario of workers becoming infected by a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Krzysztof Domino , Arkadiusz Sochan , Jarosław Adam Miszczak

A network of nanomachines (NMs) can be used to build a target detection system for a variety of promising applications. They have the potential to detect toxic chemicals, infectious bacteria, and biomarkers of dangerous diseases such as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Nithin V. Sabu , Abhishek K. Gupta

The immune system normally protects the human host against death by infection. However, when an immune response is mistakenly directed at self antigens, autoimmune disease can occur. We describe a model of protein evolution to simulate the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-11 Jun Sun , David J. Earl , Michael W. Deem