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Researchers often misinterpret and misrepresent statistical outputs. This abuse has led to a large literature on modification or replacement of testing thresholds and $P$-values with confidence intervals, Bayes factors, and other devices.…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-02 Zad Rafi , Sander Greenland

Inverse Ising inference allows pairwise interactions of complex binary systems to be reconstructed from empirical correlations. Typical estimators used for this inference, such as Pseudo-likelihood maximization (PLM), are biased. Using the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-07-19 Maximilian Benedikt Kloucek , Thomas Machon , Shogo Kajimura , C. Patrick Royall , Naoki Masuda , Francesco Turci

P values or risk ratios from multiple, independent studies, observational or randomized, can be computationally combined to provide an overall assessment of a research question in meta-analysis. There is a need to examine the reliability of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-28 S. Stanley Young , Warren B. Kindzierski

The likelihood ratio (LR) is largely used to evaluate the relative weight of forensic data regarding two hypotheses and for its assessment Bayesian methods are widespread in the forensic field. However, the Bayesian `recipe' for the LR…

Applications · Statistics 2016-04-14 Giulia Cereda

Quantifying uncertainty in detected changepoints is an important problem. However it is challenging as the naive approach would use the data twice, first to detect the changes, and then to test them. This will bias the test, and can lead to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Rachel Carrington , Paul Fearnhead

Increasing accessibility of data to researchers makes it possible to conduct massive amounts of statistical testing. Rather than follow a carefully crafted set of scientific hypotheses with statistical analysis, researchers can now test…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2016-09-08 Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya , Chia-Ling Kuo , Gabriel Ruiz , Luda Diatchenko , Dmitri V. Zaykin

Random-effects models are frequently used to synthesise information from different studies in meta-analysis. While likelihood-based inference is attractive both in terms of limiting properties and of implementation, its application in…

Applications · Statistics 2018-05-25 Sophia Kyriakou , Ioannis Kosmidis , Nicola Sartori

The Dirichlet distribution, also known as multivariate beta, is the most used to analyse frequencies or proportions data. Maximum likelihood is widespread for estimation of Dirichlet's parameters. However, for small sample sizes, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-04 Vincenzo Gioia , Euloge Clovis Kenne Pagui

In Bayesian statistics, the marginal likelihood (ML) is the key ingredient needed for model comparison and model averaging. Unfortunately, estimating MLs accurately is notoriously difficult, especially for models where posterior simulation…

Computation · Statistics 2023-12-12 Dennis Christensen , Per August Jarval Moen

When conducting large scale inference, such as genome-wide association studies or image analysis, nominal $p$-values are often adjusted to improve control over the family-wise error rate (FWER). When the majority of tests are null,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-07-20 Sarah Fletcher Mercaldo , Jeffrey D. Blume

Given p independent normal populations, we consider the problem of estimating the mean of those populations, that based on the observed data, give the strongest signals. We explicitly condition on the ranking of the sample means, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-28 Claudio Fuentes , Vik Gopal

The problem of quickest detection of a change in distribution is considered under the assumption that the pre-change distribution is known, and the post-change distribution is only known to belong to a family of distributions…

Applications · Statistics 2019-01-30 Tze Siong Lau , Wee Peng Tay , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Consider a multiple hypothesis testing setting involving rare/weak effects: relatively few tests, out of possibly many, deviate from their null hypothesis behavior. Summarizing the significance of each test by a P-value, we construct a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-20 David L. Donoho , Alon Kipnis

In this article, we consider the problem of simultaneous testing of hypotheses when the individual test statistics are not necessarily independent. Specifically, we consider the problem of simultaneous testing of point null hypotheses…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-17 Prasenjit Ghosh , Arijit Chakrabarti

In this work we consider a problem of multi-label classification, where each instance is associated with some binary vector. Our focus is to find a classifier which minimizes false negative discoveries under constraints. Depending on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-29 Evgenii Chzhen

We consider the problem of detecting a general sparse mixture and obtain an explicit characterization of the phase transition under some conditions, generalizing the univariate results of Cai and Wu. Additionally, we provide a sufficient…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-27 Subhodh Kotekal

The established language for statistical testing --- significance levels, power, and p-values --- is overly complicated and deceptively conclusive. Even teachers of statistics and scientists who use statistics misinterpret the results of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-23 Glenn Shafer

In science, the most widespread statistical quantities are perhaps $p$-values. A typical advice is to reject the null hypothesis $H_0$ if the corresponding p-value is sufficiently small (usually smaller than 0.05). Many criticisms regarding…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-18 Alexandre G. Patriota

This article considers the problem of multiple hypothesis testing using $t$-tests. The observed data are assumed to be independently generated conditional on an underlying and unknown two-state hidden model. We propose an asymptotically…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-02-22 Hongyuan Cao , Michael R. Kosorok

Composite likelihood inference has gained much popularity thanks to its computational manageability and its theoretical properties. Unfortunately, performing composite likelihood ratio tests is inconvenient because of their awkward…

Computation · Statistics 2014-08-01 Manuela Cattelan , Nicola Sartori