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We introduce and study constrained Markov Decision Processes (cMDPs) with anytime constraints. An anytime constraint requires the agent to never violate its budget at any point in time, almost surely. Although Markovian policies are no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Jeremy McMahan , Xiaojin Zhu

Value iteration is a popular algorithm for finding near optimal policies for POMDPs. It is inefficient due to the need to account for the entire belief space, which necessitates the solution of large numbers of linear programs. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-04 N. L. Zhang , W. Zhang

Designing control policies for large, distributed systems is challenging, especially in the context of critical, temporal logic based specifications (e.g., safety) that must be met with high probability. Compositional methods for such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Krishna C. Kalagarla , Matthew Low , Rahul Jain , Ashutosh Nayyar , Pierluigi Nuzzo

In this paper, we present a Q-learning algorithm to solve the optimal output regulation problem for discrete-time LTI systems. This off-policy algorithm only relies on using persistently exciting input-output data, measured offline. No…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-21 Mohammad Alsalti , Victor G. Lopez , Matthias A. Müller

This paper investigates the continuous-time counterpart of the Q-function for entropy-regularized mean-field control (MFC) with controlled common noise, coined as q-function by Jia and Zhou (2023) in the single agent's model. We first show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Zhenjie Ren , Xiaoli Wei , Xiang Yu , Xun Yu Zhou

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) model specific environments in sequential decision-making under uncertainty. Critically, optimal policies for POMDPs may not be robust against perturbations in the environment.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Maris F. L. Galesloot , Roman Andriushchenko , Milan Češka , Sebastian Junges , Nils Jansen

In this paper, we show how a simulated Markov decision process (MDP) built by the so-called \emph{baseline} policies, can be used to compute a different policy, namely the \emph{simulated optimal} policy, for which the performance of this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-13 Yinlam Chow , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

The $Q$-function is a central quantity in many Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms for which RL agents behave following a (soft)-greedy policy w.r.t. to $Q$. It is a powerful tool that allows action selection without a model of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Nino Vieillard , Marcin Andrychowicz , Anton Raichuk , Olivier Pietquin , Matthieu Geist

We propose a novel approach to solving input- and state-constrained parametric mixed-integer optimal control problems using Differentiable Predictive Control (DPC). Our approach follows the differentiable programming paradigm by learning an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Ján Boldocký , Shahriar Dadras Javan , Martin Gulan , Martin Mönnigmann , Ján Drgoňa

Monotonic Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), where the system state progressively decreases until a restorative action is performed, can be used to model sequential repair problems effectively. This paper considers the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Manav Vora , Jonas Liang , Michael N. Grussing , Melkior Ornik

Approximate Dynamic Programming (ADP) is a methodology to solve multi-stage stochastic optimization problems in multi-dimensional discrete or continuous spaces. ADP approximates the optimal value function by adaptively sampling both action…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-02 Vijay Kumar , Mort Webster

In this paper, two Q-learning (QL) methods are proposed and their convergence theories are established for addressing the model-free optimal control problem of general nonlinear continuous-time systems. By introducing the Q-function for…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-10-14 Biao Luo , Derong Liu , Tingwen Huang

Agents significantly enhance the capabilities of standalone Large Language Models (LLMs) by perceiving environments, making decisions, and executing actions. However, LLM agents still face challenges in tasks that require multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yuanzhao Zhai , Tingkai Yang , Kele Xu , Feng Dawei , Cheng Yang , Bo Ding , Huaimin Wang

Motivated by the post-disaster distribution system restoration problem, in this paper, we study the problem of synthesizing the optimal policy for a Markov Decision Process (MDP) from a sequence of goal sets. For each goal set, our aim is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-09 İlker Işık , Onur Yigit Arpali , Ebru Aydin Gol

We consider synthesis of control policies that maximize the probability of satisfying given temporal logic specifications in unknown, stochastic environments. We model the interaction between the system and its environment as a Markov…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-05-01 Jie Fu , Ufuk Topcu

Partially observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are a standard model for agents making decisions in uncertain environments. Most work on POMDPs focuses on synthesizing strategies based on the available capabilities. However, system…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Alyzia-Maria Konsta , Alberto Lluch Lafuente , Christoph Matheja

Practical reinforcement learning problems are often formulated as constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) problems, in which the agent has to maximize the expected return while satisfying a set of prescribed safety constraints. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Shin-ichi Maeda , Hayato Watahiki , Shintarou Okada , Masanori Koyama

Recent control algorithms for Markov decision processes (MDPs) have been designed using an implicit analogy with well-established optimization algorithms. In this paper, we adopt the quasi-Newton method (QNM) from convex optimization to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Mohammad Amin Sharifi Kolarijani , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani

This work develops a fully decentralized multi-agent algorithm for policy evaluation. The proposed scheme can be applied to two distinct scenarios. In the first scenario, a collection of agents have distinct datasets gathered following…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Lucas Cassano , Kun Yuan , Ali H. Sayed

In most common settings of Markov Decision Process (MDP), an agent evaluate a policy based on expectation of (discounted) sum of rewards. However in many applications this criterion might not be suitable from two perspective: first, in risk…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Yan Li , Zhaohan Sun