Related papers: Limits of Modified Higher (q,t)-Catalan Numbers
Given two variables $s$ and $t$, the associated sequence of Lucas polynomials is defined inductively by $\{0\}=0$, $\{1\}=1$, and $\{n\}=s\{n-1\}+t\{n-2\}$ for $n\ge2$. An integer (e.g., a Catalan number) defined by an expression of the…
A generalized Catalan matrix $(a_{n,k})_{n,k\ge 0}$ is generated by two seed sequences $\mathbf{s}=(s_0,s_1,\ldots)$ and $\mathbf{t}=(t_1,t_2,\ldots)$ together with a recurrence relation. By taking $s_\ell=2\ell+1$ and $t_\ell=\ell^2$ we…
We show that the Eulerian-Catalan numbers enumerate Dyck permutations. We provide two proofs for this fact, the first using the geometry of alcoved polytopes and the second a direct combinatorial proof via an Eulerian-Catalan analogue of…
The Catalan transform of a sequence (a_{n})_{n>=0} is the sequence (b_{n})_{n>=0} with b_{n} = Sum[k/(2n-k) (2n-k)-choose-(n-k) a_{k},k=0..n]. Here we show that the Catalan transform of the Catalan numbers has a simple interpretation: it…
In this note we give a survey about polynomials whose moments are multiples of super Catalan numbers and explore two different kinds of q-analogues.
Let $F_g(t)$ be the generating function of intersection numbers on the moduli spaces $\bar{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$ of complex curves of genus $g$. As by-product of a complete solution of all non-planar correlation functions of the renormalised…
We describe the relationships between the notion of $q$-deformed rational numbers, introduced in our previous work with Sophie Morier-Genoud, and the theory of dimer models. We show that $q$-deformed rationals can be calculated in terms of…
We find an explicit $S_n$-equivariant bijection between the integral points in a certain zonotope in $\mathbb{R}^n$, combinatorially equivalent to the permutahedron, and the set of $m$-parking functions of length $n$. This bijection…
We present an exposition on the Fuss--Catalan numbers, which are a generalization of the well known Catalan numbers. The literature on the subject is scattered (especially for the case of multiple independent parameters, as will be…
Geometric Algebra and Calculus are mathematical languages encoding fundamental geometric relations that theories of physics seem to respect. We propose criteria given which statistics of expressions in geometric algebra are computable in…
A Catalan word is one on the alphabet of positive integers starting with $1$ in which each subsequent letter is at most one more than its predecessor. Let $\mathcal{C}_n$ denote the set of Catalan words of length $n$. In this paper, we give…
We investigate the relationship between Kostka-Foulkes polynomials and certain symmetric functions that arise from Garsia and Haglund's study of the q,t-Catalan series.
A coding method using binary sequences is presented for different computation problems related to Catalan numbers. This method proves in a very easy way the equivalence of these problems.
The Catalan number $C_n$ enumerates parenthesizations of $x_0*\dotsb*x_n$ where $*$ is a binary operation. We introduce the modular Catalan number $C_{k,n}$ to count equivalence classes of parenthesizations of $x_0*\dotsb*x_n$ when $*$…
Generating functions related to Catalan words and frequencies of digits are obtained using continued fractions. This is fast, elegant, and flexible. It follows the philosophy of Philippe Flajolet from 1980.
Under general conditions, the equation $g(x,y) = 0$ implicitly defines $y$ locally as a function of $x$. In this short note we study the combinatorial structure underlying a recently discovered formula for the divided differences of $y$…
We present a natural multiplicative theory of integer partitions (which are usually considered in terms of addition), and find many theorems of classical number theory arise as particular cases of extremely general combinatorial structure…
The $q$-calculus is reformulated in terms of the umbral calculus and of the associated operational formalism. We show that new and interesting elements emerge from such a restyling. The proposed technique is applied to a different…
The paper describes a prime factorization of the Catalan numbers. Odd prime factors are distributed in layers in accordance with Legendre's formula. The content of each layer is a network of the intervals, Chebyshev's Segments. The primes…
Stirling number of the first and the second kinds have seen many generalizations and applications in various areas of mathematics. We introduce some combinatorial parameters which realize $q$-analogues and Broder's $r$-variants of Stirling…