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Ecological networks such as plant-pollinator systems and food webs vary in space and time. This variability includes fluctuations in global network properties such as total number and intensity of interactions but also in the local…
Popular myths that cheaper memory, high-speed links and high-speed processors will solve the problem of congestion in computer networks are shown to be false. A simple definition for congestion based on supply and demand of resources is…
Networked dynamical systems, i.e., systems of dynamical units coupled via nontrivial interaction topologies, constitute models of broad classes of complex systems, ranging from gene regulatory and metabolic circuits in our cells to…
Shifting our electricity generation from fossil fuel to renewable energy sources introduces large fluctuations to the power system. Here, we demonstrate how increased fluctuations, reduced damping and reduced intertia may undermine the…
We show that the capacity of a complex network that models a city street grid to support congested traffic can be optimized by using routes that collectively minimize the maximum ratio of betweenness to capacity in any link. Networks with a…
The goal of congestion control is to avoid congestion in network elements. A network element is congested if it is being offered more traffic than it can process. To detect such situations and to neutralize them we should monitor traffic in…
Taking into account the fact that overload failures in real-world functional networks are usually caused by extreme values of temporally fluctuating loads that exceed the allowable range, we study the robustness of scale-free networks…
We model information traffic on scale-free networks by introducing the bandwidth as the delivering ability of links. We focus on the effects of bandwidth on the packet delivering ability of the traffic system to better understand traffic…
Two important aspects of the Internet, namely the properties of its topology and the characteristics of its data traffic, have attracted growing attention of the physics community. My thesis has considered problems of both aspects. First I…
The spread of traffic jams in urban networks has long been viewed as a complex spatio-temporal phenomenon that often requires computationally intensive microscopic models for analysis purposes. In this study, we present a framework to…
There has been a lot of discussion on Net Neutrality and policies that various network service providers and distributors adopt, at times leading to greater network congestion and thus more debates. The aim of this project is to use…
It is increasingly difficult for Internet congestion control mechanisms to obtain the feedback that they need. This lack of feedback can have severe performance implications, and it is bound to become worse. In the long run, the problem may…
"Noise-induced volatility" refers to a phenomenon of increased level of fluctuations in the collective dynamics of bistable units in the presence of a rapidly varying external signal, and intermediate noise levels. The archetypical…
Internet faces the problem of congestion due to its increased use. AQM algorithm is a solution to the problem of congestion control in the Internet. There are various existing algorithms that have evolved over the past few years to solve…
We consider the limiting behavior of fluctuations of small noise diffusions with multiple scales around their homogenized deterministic limit. We allow full dependence of the coefficients on the slow and fast motion. These processes arise…
In this paper, we introduce two deterministic models aimed at capturing the dynamics of congested Internet connections. The first model is a continuous-time model that combines a system of differential equations with a sudden change in one…
Due to the complexity of the traffic flow dynamics in urban road networks, most quantitative descriptions of city traffic so far are based on computer simulations. This contribution pursues a macroscopic (fluid-dynamic) simulation approach,…
The quantitative study of traffic dynamics is crucial to ensure the efficiency of urban transportation networks. The current work investigates the spatial properties of congestion, that is, we aim to characterize the city areas where…
Transport networks are crucial to the functioning of natural systems and technological infrastructures. For flow networks in many scenarios, such as rivers or blood vessels, acyclic networks (i.e., trees) are optimal structures when…
Most car-following models show a transition from laminar to ``congested'' flow and vice versa. Deterministic models often have a density range where a disturbance needs a sufficiently large critical amplitude to move the flow from the…